Summary
Samenvatting Sociologie
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Samenvatting van de cursus en eigen notities gebundeld. Ikzelf ben geslaagd met een 11/20 voor dit vak o.b.v. mijn samenvatting
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
guylreno
Content preview
SOCIOLOGIEInhoud
1 Sociologie, een eerste kennismaking..................................................................6
1.1 Introductie uit de les, ppt.............................................................................. 6
1.1 Inleiding, HB blz 2......................................................................................... 7
1.2 Sociologische verbeelding............................................................................. 7
1.3 Van gedrag naar samenleving.......................................................................8
1.3.1 Gedrag.................................................................................................... 8
1.3.2 Handelen & sociaal handelen..................................................................9
1.3.3 Interactie............................................................................................... 10
1.3.4 Vormen van interactie...........................................................................11
1.3.5 Stolling van interactie in cultuur & structuur........................................12
1.3.6 Context................................................................................................. 13
1.4 Sociologie & aanverwante disciplines.........................................................13
1.5 Basisregels bij de uitvoering van sociologisch onderzoek...........................17
1.5.1 Objectiviteit........................................................................................... 17
1.5.2 Concepten............................................................................................. 17
1.5.3 Generalisatie......................................................................................... 17
1.5.4 Empirisch materiaal.............................................................................. 18
1.5.5 Cumulativiteit........................................................................................ 18
1.5.6 Verifieerbare rapportering:...................................................................18
1.6 Kwantitatief of kwalitatief:...........................................................................19
1.6.1 Kwantitatief onderzoek: Het Positivisme...............................................20
1.6.2 Kwalitatieve benadering: nadruk of betekenis......................................21
1.7 De Socioloog in de Maatschappij.................................................................22
2 Cultuur............................................................................................................... 23
2.1 Inhoud van het georganiseerd samenleven: cultuur...................................23
2.1.1 Inleiding................................................................................................ 23
, 2.1.2 Cultuur specifiek menselijke eigenschap?.............................................25
2.1.3 Symbolen, tekens & taal.......................................................................27
2.1.4 Componenten van cultuur.....................................................................27
2.1.5 Kenmerken die culturen van elkaar onderscheiden..............................28
2.1.6 Ontstaan van cultuur............................................................................. 28
2.1.7 Cultuur als lens..................................................................................... 28
2.1.8 Cultuur & etniciteit................................................................................ 29
3 Sociale Structuur............................................................................................... 31
3.1 Groepen...................................................................................................... 31
3.1.1 Basiskenmerken.................................................................................... 31
3.1.2 Soorten groepen................................................................................... 31
3.1.3 Probleem van samenwerken binnen sociale groepen...........................32
3.2 Sociale relaties............................................................................................ 33
3.2.1 Macht.................................................................................................... 34
3.2.2 Sociale status & rol............................................................................... 35
3.2.3 Rolproblemen........................................................................................ 36
3.2.4 Statusproblemen................................................................................... 37
3.3 Formele organisaties:.................................................................................. 38
3.3.1 De bureaucratie.................................................................................... 38
3.3.2 Organisatie in praktijk...........................................................................41
3.4 Structurele effecten..................................................................................... 43
3.5 Slot/eindconclusie....................................................................................... 44
4 Institutionalisme & socialisatie..........................................................................44
4.1 Institutionalisme.......................................................................................... 44
4.1.1 Omschrijving......................................................................................... 44
4.1.2 Ontstaan van instituties........................................................................46
4.1.3 Voortzetting in de tijd van instituties....................................................47
4.2 Socialisatie.................................................................................................. 48
4.2.1 Omschrijving......................................................................................... 48
, 4.2.2 Belangrijkste socialisatietheorieën........................................................49
4.2.3 Identiteit & zelfbeeld............................................................................. 55
4.2.4 Emoties................................................................................................. 56
4.2.5 Kinderculturen: “peergroups” & socialisatie.........................................56
4.2.6 Rolsocialisatie....................................................................................... 58
4.2.7 Socialisatie & structuren.......................................................................59
5 Sociale controle & deviantie.............................................................................. 60
5.1 Sociale controle........................................................................................... 60
5.1.1 Morele orde........................................................................................... 61
5.1.2 Politieke orde........................................................................................ 63
5.2 Sociologische verklaringen voor deviantie..................................................63
5.2.1 Relatieve & normale karakter van deviantie.........................................63
5.2.2 Ontregeling/anomie.............................................................................. 64
5.2.3 Vervreemding........................................................................................ 67
5.2.4 Differentiële associatie..........................................................................68
5.2.5 Delinquente subcultuur.........................................................................69
5.2.6 Waarom is iemand niet deviant?...........................................................70
5.2.7 Etiketteerperspectief............................................................................. 71
6 Sociale stratificatie............................................................................................ 71
6.1 Ontstaan...................................................................................................... 71
6.2 Stratificatie in landbouwsamenlevingen......................................................72
6.2.1 Slavernij................................................................................................ 72
6.2.2 Kasten................................................................................................... 73
6.2.3 Standen................................................................................................. 73
6.3 Stratificatie in industriële samenleving: klasse...........................................73
6.3.1 Karl Marx (1818-1883)..........................................................................73
6.3.2 Max Weber (1864-1920).......................................................................74
6.3.3 Marx & Weber vergeleken.....................................................................75
6.3.4 Dahrendorf............................................................................................ 76
, 6.3.5 Bourdieu (1930-2002)...........................................................................76
6.4 Sociale mobiliteit......................................................................................... 77
6.5 Hoe worden economische klassen sociale klassen......................................78
6.6 Is sociale stratificatie noodzakelijk?............................................................79
6.7 Sociale ongelijkheid o.b.v. geslacht.............................................................80
7 Religie............................................................................................................... 82
7.1 Inleiding....................................................................................................... 82
7.2 Omschrijving............................................................................................... 82
7.2.1 Vroege pogingen tot afbakening...........................................................83
7.2.2 Hedendaagse, functionalistische & substantiële definities van religie. .85
7.3 Secularisatiedebat....................................................................................... 87
7.3.1 Klassieke secularisatiethese..................................................................88
7.3.2 Economische theorieën van religieuze betrokkenheid..........................89
7.4 Religieus fundamentalisme.........................................................................92
8 Sociale verandering........................................................................................... 93
8.1 Classificatie van samenlevingen: inleiding..................................................93
8.2 Niveaus van maatschappelijke organisatie.................................................94
8.2.1 Horde.................................................................................................... 94
8.2.2 Stam...................................................................................................... 95
8.2.3 Stam met opperste gezag.....................................................................96
8.2.4 Staat...................................................................................................... 98
8.2.5 Wereldrijken.......................................................................................... 98
8.2.6 Besluit................................................................................................... 99
8.3 Sociale verandering..................................................................................... 99
8.3.1 Inleiding................................................................................................ 99
8.3.2 Theorieën van sociale verandering.....................................................100
8.3.3 Culturele diffusietheorieën..................................................................107
8.3.4 Wereldsysteemtheorie van Wallerstein...............................................108
8.3.5 Theorie van sociale hervormingsbeweging.........................................110
, 8.4 Slotbeschouwing....................................................................................... 114
9 Sociologische benaderingswijzen....................................................................114
9.1 Inhoudelijke richtingen.............................................................................. 114
9.1.1 Structuralisme..................................................................................... 114
9.1.2 Sociologie van sociaal handelen.........................................................117
9.1.3 Symbolisch interactionisme................................................................119
9.1.4 Interactionele richting.........................................................................120
9.2 Methodologische richtingen......................................................................123
9.2.1 Functionalisme.................................................................................... 123
9.3 Besluit....................................................................................................... 126
10 Korte historische achtergrond van sociologie................................................126
10.1 Ontstaansvoorwaarden........................................................................... 126
10.2 De Pioniers.............................................................................................. 127
10.2.1 Auguste Comte (1798-1857).............................................................127
10.2.2 Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874)..........................................................128
10.2.3 Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)...........................................................128
10.3 Klassieke sociologen............................................................................... 129
10.3.1 Inleiding............................................................................................ 129
10.3.2 Karl Marx (1818-1883)......................................................................129
10.3.3 Emile Durkheim (1857-1917)............................................................130
10.3.4 Max Weber (1864-1920)...................................................................131
10.3.5 George Simmel (1858-1918).............................................................132
10.4 Ontstaan van Amerikaanse sociologie.....................................................132
10.5 Slotbeschouwing..................................................................................... 132
, 1 Sociologie, een eerste kennismaking
1.1 Introductie uit de les, ppt
Concept: “hebben mensen een vrije wil?”
Vrije wil= illusie
Tegenargumentatie:
1) Jef Vermassen, artikel 71 Strafwetboek:
Onweerstaanbare dwang
2) Hersenwetenschappen:
Hersenen nemen onbewuste beslissingen, a.d.h.v. pijn/genot
Vb: Impulsaankoop
3) Karel de Gucht, beslissingsvrijheid:
Door onderuithaling “vrije wil”, probleem voor veroordeling misdadigers,
want persoonlijke vrijheid = basis maatschappij & basis rechtssysteem
4) Omgeving/vrienden/familie/regering “duwen” ons in een bepaalde richting
Vb. 1: al dan niet hoger onderwijs
Vb. 2: risico werkloosheid
Vb. 3: levensverwachting a.d.h.v. opleiding
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller guylreno. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73918 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now