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Geneeskunde COPD en astma Hoorcollege
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Collegedictaat van 1 pagina's voor het vak Kennislijn chronisch zieken aan de HR (HBO-Verpleegkunde)
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COPD en astma- COPD: chronische bronchitis > gezwollen slijmvlies en slijmproductie > hoesten en opgeven
van sputum
- Longemfyseem > verlies elasticiteit > longblaasjes > kortademigheid (bij inspanning)
Beeldmateriaal: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLkihnKRhq0
- Hoe ontstaat chronische bronchitis en longemfyseem?
o Erfelijke bepaalde kwetsbaarheid
o Prikkels (roken, smog)
o Gevolgen:
Chronische ontsteking
Beschadiging wand longblaasjes
Obstructie bronchi en bronchioli
Afname aantal bloedvaatjes
o Afname gaswisseling!
Behandeling COPD:
Preventie (stoppen met roken, voorlichting, prikkels vermijden, griepvaccinatie)
Beta-2-sympathico-mimetica
Anticholinergica
Theofylline
Corticosteroïden
Eventueel zuurstof
LWI > AB enz.
- Astma bronchiale: erfelijke overgevoeligheid van de luchtwegen voor bepaalde prikkels
- Astma > bronchospasme > aanvalsgewijs hoesten, dyspnoe en piepen
- Hoe ontstaat astma bronchiale?
o Erfelijke overgevoeligheid luchtwegen
o Specifieke prikkels
o Aspecifieke prikkels (bronchiale hyperreactiviteit)
- Gevolgen:
o Ontsteking: slijmproductie, zwelling
o Prikkeling cholinerge receptoren
Vernauwing van de luchtwegen
Symptomen: aanvallen piepen, kortademigheid, hoesten en (taai)slijm
Behandeling
Preventie (voorlichting, stoppen met roken, prikkels vermijden, griepvaccinatie, saneren
huis)
Beta-2-sympathico-mimetica
Anticholinergica
Theofylline
Corticosteroïden
Eventueel zuurstof
LWI > AB enz.
Beeldmateriaal: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPGKzUQOm6Q
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