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Samenvatting gerechtelijke geneeskunde en criminalistiek

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  • Course
  • Gerechtelijke geneeskunde en criminalistiek (C03A1B)
  • Institution
  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  • Book
  • Forensische geneeskunde

Deze samenvatting is een combinatie van de powerpoints, het boek 'forensische geneeskunde van Wim Van de Voorde' en wat er in de lessen gezegd werd. Door deze uitgebreide samenvatting volledig geleerd te hebben, ben ik van de eerste keer geslaagd op het examen met 15/20.

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  • Unknown
  • September 25, 2020
  • 225
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

Subjects

  • ggc
  • gerechtelijke geneeskunde
  • criminalistiek
  • gerechtelijke geneeskunde en criminalistiek

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  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  • Criminologische wetenschappen
  • Gerechtelijke geneeskunde en criminalistiek (C03A1B)
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1  review

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By: filiptanghe123 • 2 year ago

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Apologies for the wrong rating of 1 star, I'm not aware I ever gave 1 star. Your recap earns 5 stars. Only now seen this misunderstanding, sorry again, I find this annoying for you.

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By: loridirkx • 3 year ago

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Hey, I saw that you only gave one star, while the summary is extensive, correct and clear. Does the content no longer match the current class package? If not, I will remove the summary so as not to accidentally put future students on the revered leg. Greetings,

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GERECHTELIJKE GENEESKUNDE EN CRIMINALISTIEK
___________________________________________________________________________________________




1

,2

,1. JUSTITIE EN GENEESKUNDE...............................................................................................................................................15

1.1 JUSTITIE.............................................................................................................................................................................15
1.1.1 Het gerecht............................................................................................................................................................15
DE STRAFPROCEDURE .................................................................................................................................................. 16
NEDERLANDSTALIGE ARRONDISSEMENTEN:............................................................................................................... 16
1.1.2 Strafrecht...............................................................................................................................................................18
VERLOOP STRAFRECHTELIJK ONDERZOEK ................................................................................................................... 19
STRAFRECHTELIJK ONDERZOEK (STRAFRECHT = VERVOLGING VAN MISDRIJVEN, WIJ BETALEN DIT ONDERZOEK VIA
ONS BELASTINGGELD).................................................................................................................................................. 19
BURGERLIJK RECHT (BURGERLIJK RECHT = ELKE BURGER DIE SCHADE HEEFT GELEDEN (VAAK MATERIËLE) HEEFT
RECHT OP SCHADEVERGOEDING) ................................................................................................................................ 20
1.2 FORENSISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN/CRIMINALISTIEK.................................................................................................................21
1.2.1 Forensische wetenschappen ..............................................................................................................................21
FORENSISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN ................................................................................................................................. 21
1.2.2 Forensische geneeskunde ...................................................................................................................................22
Constitutio Criminalis Carolina .................................................................................................................................... 22
Taakomschrijving ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Forensische medische wetenschappen ....................................................................................................................... 23
Forensische psychiatrie................................................................................................................................................ 23
1.3 UITOEFENEN VAN DE GENEESKUNDE ...................................................................................................................................24
1.3.1 Algemeen ...............................................................................................................................................................24
1.3.2 Beroepsgeheim.....................................................................................................................................................24
Spreekrecht in geval van .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Toepassing.................................................................................................................................................................... 26
1.3.3 Medische aansprakelijkheid ...............................................................................................................................26
1. Burgerrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid ........................................................................................................................ 27
2. Strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid............................................................................................................................ 27




3

,2. ONDERZOEK OVERLIJDEN ..................................................................................................................................................29

2.1 VOORAF ............................................................................................................................................................................29
2.1.1 Wetsarts en onderzoek overlijden.....................................................................................................................29
2.2 OVERLIJDEN IN BELGIË .......................................................................................................................................................29
2.2.1 Wetten ...................................................................................................................................................................29
Ambtenaar burgerlijke stand ....................................................................................................................................... 31
2.2.2 Ambtenaar burgerlijke stand .............................................................................................................................31
2.2.3 Vaststelling overlijden .........................................................................................................................................32
Begrippen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Gerechtelijk-geneeskundig bezwaar tegen begrafenis of crematie? .......................................................................... 34
Verdacht/gewelddadig overlijden ............................................................................................................................... 34
Crematie: decreet lijkbezorging................................................................................................................................... 35
Tekortkomingen (gebrek aan kritische zin) ................................................................................................................. 35
Foutieve klassering – aard + oorzaak overlijden.......................................................................................................... 35
PRAKTIJKVOORBEELDEN (CASUÏSTIEK) ........................................................................................................................ 36
2.3 ONDERZOEK ‘VERDACHT’ OVERLIJDEN.................................................................................................................................36
Uitgangsvragen ............................................................................................................................................................ 36
Uitgangspunten............................................................................................................................................................ 36
Afstappingsparadox ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
2.4 FORENSISCH POST MORTEM ONDERZOEK ............................................................................................................................38
Principes forensisch pm onderzoek ............................................................................................................................. 39
Forensisch pm onderzoek ter plaatse.......................................................................................................................... 39
2.4.1 Medicolegaal onderzoek .....................................................................................................................................39
2.4.2 Uitwendige lijkbeschouwing ter plaatse ..........................................................................................................40
2.4.3 Autopsie = golden standard ...............................................................................................................................40
Gerechtelijke autopsie ................................................................................................................................................. 40
Inwendig onderzoek (autopsie) ................................................................................................................................... 40
aanvullende onderz oeken............................................................................................................................................ 41
2.4.4 Forensische postmortem-opdrachten ..............................................................................................................42
Forensisch nut van de autopsie ................................................................................................................................... 42
Autopsie-ratio .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
2.5 ONGEWOON STERFGEVAL ..................................................................................................................................................43
2.5.1 Ongewoon sterfgeval ..........................................................................................................................................43
2.5.2 Ongevallen (soort-, arbeids-, verkeers-, huis-…).............................................................................................44
Ongevallen vlaanderen ................................................................................................................................................ 45
2.5.3 Zelfdoding..............................................................................................................................................................45
Bijzondere zelfdodingen .............................................................................................................................................. 45
2.5.4 Doding (nullum crimen, nulla poene sine leg e) ..............................................................................................46
Statistiek: 1/5 TOT ¼ ONJUIST GEKLASSEERD.............................................................................................................. 46
Bijzondere situaties...................................................................................................................................................... 47
2.5.5 Diogenes syndroo m .............................................................................................................................................48
Plots/onverwacht/onverklaard overlijden................................................................................................................... 48
2.5.6 Plotse (cardiovasulaire) Dood (sudden adult death syndro me) ...................................................................48
Functionele hartdood .................................................................................................................................................. 48
Bijzondere situaties...................................................................................................................................................... 49
Plotse niet-cardiale dood ............................................................................................................................................. 49
SUDEP: schuimzwam.................................................................................................................................................... 50
SUD/SADS..................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Wiegendood (SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME) .................................................................................................. 50
Wet van 26 maart 2003 ............................................................................................................................................... 51
KB 27 april 2007 (Art. 4) ............................................................................................................................................... 51
Onderzoek wiegendood ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Forensisch onderzoek ‘wiegendood’ ........................................................................................................................... 52




4

,3. THANA TOLOGIE ...................................................................................................................................................................53

3.1 DOOD EN STERVEN.............................................................................................................................................................53
Definitie........................................................................................................................................................................ 53
Doodsfasen................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Vitale functies .............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Hersenen ...................................................................................................................................................................... 54
Doodscriteria ................................................................................................................................................................ 54
Hersendood.................................................................................................................................................................. 55
3.2 POSTMORTEM VERANDERINGEN.........................................................................................................................................56
3.2.1 Lijkvlekken .............................................................................................................................................................56
Verplaatsbaar- & wegdrukbaarheid............................................................................................................................. 56
3.2.2 Lijkstijfheid ............................................................................................................................................................58
ATP-hypothese ............................................................................................................................................................. 58
Tijdsverloop.................................................................................................................................................................. 59
Beïnvloedende factoren............................................................................................................................................... 59
Info over ....................................................................................................................................................................... 60
3.2.2 Lijkafkoeling (centrale temperatuur) ................................................................................................................60
Lijkafkoeling ................................................................................................................................................................. 60
Methode van Henssge ................................................................................................................................................. 62
Andere veranderingen ................................................................................................................................................. 62
Elektrische en chemische spierprikkelbaarheid........................................................................................................... 63
3.2.3 Ontbinding (putrefactie) .....................................................................................................................................63
Beïnvloedende factoren............................................................................................................................................... 64
Entomologie ................................................................................................................................................................. 65
3.2.4 Diervraat................................................................................................................................................................66
Diervraat....................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Skelettering .................................................................................................................................................................. 67
3.2.4 Mummificatie .......................................................................................................................................................68
3.2.5 Adipocire................................................................................................................................................................68




5

,4. IDENTIFICA TIE ......................................................................................................................................................................69

4.1 A LGEMEEN ........................................................................................................................................................................69
4.1.1 Noodzaak van identificatie.................................................................................................................................69
4.1.2 Prinicpes van identificatie...................................................................................................................................69
4.1.3 Persoonsbeschrijving ...........................................................................................................................................69
Bijzondere hulpmiddelen ............................................................................................................................................. 70
4.2 W ETENSCHAPPELJKE METHODEN........................................................................................................................................71
4.3 IDENTIFICATIE-TYPES..........................................................................................................................................................72
4.4 RAMPEN – KENMERKEN .....................................................................................................................................................72
Interpol procedures ..................................................................................................................................................... 72
Standaardformulier interpol ........................................................................................................................................ 72
Vergelijking ante mortem – post mortem ................................................................................................................... 73
4.5 INDIVIDUELE IDENTIFICATIE.................................................................................................................................................74
Niet-criminele postmortem schade............................................................................................................................. 74
4.6 CRIMINELE MUTILATIE........................................................................................................................................................74
Criminele verdwijnign/ververging ............................................................................................................................... 74
Types van criminele mutilatie ...................................................................................................................................... 75
Criminele mutilatie: problemen................................................................................................................................... 76
4.9 VONDST VAN SKELET/BEENDEREN.......................................................................................................................................76
Geslacht........................................................................................................................................................................ 76
Leeftijd ......................................................................................................................................................................... 77
Odontologisch onderzoek (gebit) ................................................................................................................................ 77
4.9 FORENSISCH ONDERZOEK ‘VERDWIJNING’............................................................................................................................77




6

,5. ASFYXIE..................................................................................................................................................................................78

5.1 W AT .................................................................................................................................................................................78
5.2 KLASSIEKE ASFYXIETEKENS ..................................................................................................................................................79
5.3 VORMEN VAN ASFYXIE .......................................................................................................................................................80
5.3.1 Atmosferische verstikking...................................................................................................................................80
5.3.2 Mechanische verstikking: gestoorde O 2 -opname...........................................................................................80
5.3.3 Inwendige verstikking .........................................................................................................................................80
5.4 VERSTIKKINGSPROCES ........................................................................................................................................................80
5.4.1 Smoring ..................................................................................................................................................................81
5.4.2 Luchtwegenconstructie .......................................................................................................................................82
Oorzaken ...................................................................................................................................................................... 82
5.4.3 Versmachting ........................................................................................................................................................82
Aard overlijden............................................................................................................................................................. 83
Posturale asfyxie .......................................................................................................................................................... 83
5.4.4 Samendrukking van de hals ...............................................................................................................................83
Anatomie hals .............................................................................................................................................................. 84
5.5 MECHANISME OVERLIJDEN.................................................................................................................................................84
Armgrepen (restraint holds) ........................................................................................................................................ 85
5.5.1 Verhanging............................................................................................................................................................86
Fenomenen .................................................................................................................................................................. 86
Pathologie .................................................................................................................................................................... 86
Verhanging, snoerteken............................................................................................................................................... 87
Verhanging- vitale tekens ............................................................................................................................................ 87
Aard overlijden............................................................................................................................................................. 87
Onderzoek verhanging ................................................................................................................................................. 87
Bijzondere aandacht indienen ..................................................................................................................................... 88
5.5.2 Strangulatie...........................................................................................................................................................89
Jeu de foulard............................................................................................................................................................... 89
5.5.3 Wurging .................................................................................................................................................................89
5.5.4 Plotse dood en onder bedwang houden ..........................................................................................................90
Excited delirium ........................................................................................................................................................... 91
Conclusies..................................................................................................................................................................... 91
5.5.5 Auto-erotische asfyxie.........................................................................................................................................91
Parafilie/parafernalia ................................................................................................................................................... 92
5.5.6 Co-intoxicatie ........................................................................................................................................................92
CO-Hb % in bloed wordt bepaald door ........................................................................................................................ 93
CO-intoxicatie............................................................................................................................................................... 93
5.5.7 CN-intoxicatie .......................................................................................................................................................94
Mechanisme overlijden................................................................................................................................................ 94
Forensische aspecten................................................................................................................................................... 94




7

,6. WATERLIJK - VERDRINKING ...............................................................................................................................................95

6.1 A LGEMEEN WATERLIJK .......................................................................................................................................................95
6.1.1 kentekens van verblijf in water..........................................................................................................................95
6.1.2 Postmortale verschijnselen ................................................................................................................................96
6.1.3 Verblijfsduur in water..........................................................................................................................................96
6.2 EIGENLIJKE VERDRINKING ...................................................................................................................................................97
6.2.1 Verdrinkingspro ces: 5 fasen ...............................................................................................................................97
Fase III en verdrinkingstekens (typische verdrinking).................................................................................................. 98
6.2.2 Bloedveranderingen ............................................................................................................................................98
6.2.3 Droge verdrinking ................................................................................................................................................99
6.3 ONEIGENLIJKE VERDRINKEN (BADETOD) ........................................................................................................................... 100
6.3.1 Verdrinkingstekens ........................................................................................................................................... 100
6.3.2 Forensisch onderzo ek ....................................................................................................................................... 100
6.3.3 Diatomeeëntest ................................................................................................................................................. 101
6.3.4 Aard van overlijden ........................................................................................................................................... 101
Hoe verloopt forensisch onderzoek........................................................................................................................... 101
6.3.5 Casussen ............................................................................................................................................................. 102
Dood in badkamer...................................................................................................................................................... 103




8

,7. HITTE, BRA NDLIJK, ELEKTROCUTIE, KOUDE… .............................................................................................................. 104

7.1 HITTE, BRANDLIJK ........................................................................................................................................................... 104
7.1.1 Overhitting ......................................................................................................................................................... 104
7.1.2 Verbranding ....................................................................................................................................................... 104
BRANDWONDEN – ERNST.......................................................................................................................................... 105
BRANDWONDEN – GRAAD......................................................................................................................................... 105
CONTACTDUUR EN ERNST BRANDWONDEN ............................................................................................................. 106
UITGEBREIDHEID........................................................................................................................................................ 106
OVERLEVING IFV TBSA & LEEFTIJD............................................................................................................................. 107
7.1.3 Brandlijk- brandto rso ....................................................................................................................................... 107
VERLOOP VERKOLING BIJ 650 – 1000 °C.................................................................................................................... 108
DOODSOORZAAK....................................................................................................................................................... 109
DOODSOORZAAK (overlijden DOOR BRAND) ............................................................................................................ 109
Brandlijk: AARD VAN OVERLIJDEN ............................................................................................................................. 109
7.1.4 Forensisch onderzo ek brand ........................................................................................................................... 110
7.1.5 Fenomeen ‘brand’ ............................................................................................................................................. 110
VERLOOP WONINGBRAND......................................................................................................................................... 111
BRANDTEMPERATUREN ............................................................................................................................................. 111
BRANDOORZAKEN...................................................................................................................................................... 111
AARD BRAND.............................................................................................................................................................. 112
BRANDSTICHTING ...................................................................................................................................................... 112
Forensisch onderzoek brand...................................................................................................................................... 112
ONDEZOEK BRANDPLAATS......................................................................................................................................... 112
ONDERZOEK BRANDLIJK............................................................................................................................................. 113
BRANDLIJK – VITALE TEKENS...................................................................................................................................... 113
BRANDLIJK: BETEKENIS CO......................................................................................................................................... 113
7.2 EXPLOSIE........................................................................................................................................................................ 114
7.2.1 Definitieve ontploffing ..................................................................................................................................... 114
7.2.2 Drie componenten ............................................................................................................................................ 114
7.2.3 Type letsels bij explosie .................................................................................................................................... 115
7.2.4 Destructief trauma (disruptie) ........................................................................................................................ 115
7.2.5 Explosie-trauma (short distance-missile injury)........................................................................................... 115
7.3 ELEKTROCUTIE................................................................................................................................................................ 116
7.3.1 Factoren voor elektrocutie .............................................................................................................................. 116
7.3.2 Elektrische stroo m a = v / ω (wet van ohm) ................................................................................................. 117
7.3.3 Toepassing wet van ohm ................................................................................................................................. 117
7.3.4 Electrocutie ........................................................................................................................................................ 117
7.3.5 Aard overlijden .................................................................................................................................................. 118
7.3.6 Bliksem................................................................................................................................................................ 118
7.4 HYPOTHERMIE................................................................................................................................................................ 119
7.4.1 Thermoregulatie................................................................................................................................................ 119
7.4.2 Oorzaken ............................................................................................................................................................ 119
7.4.3 Mechanisme (fysiopathologie) ....................................................................................................................... 120
7.4.4 Letsels (pathologie)........................................................................................................................................... 120
7.4.5 Aard overlijden .................................................................................................................................................. 120
HIDE AND DIE-SYNDROOM ........................................................................................................................................ 121




9

, 8. FORENSISCHE TRAUMA TOLOGIE................................................................................................................................... 121

Dodingsmiddelen (cijfers België) .............................................................................................................................. 121
KRACHT → schade → letsel....................................................................................................................................... 122
Aard van de verwondingen (types) ............................................................................................................................ 122
Uitwendig vs. Inwendig trauma ................................................................................................................................. 123
Ernst van de verwondingen ....................................................................................................................................... 123
Trauma – mechanisme overlijden.............................................................................................................................. 124
Beoordeling ................................................................................................................................................................ 125
8.O.1 Stomp trauma ................................................................................................................................................... 126
Stompe letsels ............................................................................................................................................................ 127
8.1 OVERLIJDEN DOOR STOMP TRAUMA................................................................................................................................. 132
8.1.1 Schedelhersentrauma ...................................................................................................................................... 133
8.1.2 Differentiaal diagnose: geweld vs. val .......................................................................................................... 134
8.2 L OKALISATIE: HOEDRANDZONE (VAL ) ............................................................................................................................... 136
8.3 A ANTAL.......................................................................................................................................................................... 136
CCT bij val (hoofd in beweging) ................................................................................................................................. 137
CCT bij slag(en) : letsels op plaats van impact .......................................................................................................... 137
8.4 ‘VAL UIT HOOGTE’ .......................................................................................................................................................... 137
Plaats van primair impact .......................................................................................................................................... 139
8.4.1 Scherp trauma ................................................................................................................................................... 139
1. Snijwonde............................................................................................................................................................... 140
2. Steekwonde............................................................................................................................................................ 142
8.4.2 Half scherp trauma ........................................................................................................................................... 146
8.4.3 Schottrauma (ballistisch trauma)................................................................................................................... 147
1. Ballistiek - kogelpatroon ........................................................................................................................................ 148
2. Ballistiek – jachtpatroon ........................................................................................................................................ 157
FORENSISCH ONDERZOEK.......................................................................................................................................... 160




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