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Summary african and afrikaner nationalism study notes/summaries
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African & Afrikaner nationalism Case Study: SA-The Rise of African Nationalism A small number of coloured and black men in the Cape with acertain amount of property or level of education were allowed to
The African Peoples Organisation (APO) was formed in 1902 in vote for white members of parliament.
What is Nationalism Cape Town. The discovery of diamonds and gold in the 19th century led to a
It was the most influential ‘coloured’ pressure group in southern rapidly changing society in the 20th century.
Before the rise of nation states in Europe in the late 19th century, Africa. 1913 the Native Land Act was passed. The significantly restricted
most ordinary people were loyal to their immediate community, The APO was formed at the conclusion of the South African War African rights to buy, rent or use land except in the specified
ruler or church. 1899-1902. reserves.
After larger and centralised states or nation states were created in Its core focus was to ensure the voting rights for coloured’s and The law created reserves for the black majority that were
the 19th century, people’s loyalty shifted to the newly formed blacks in the Cape. approximately 7% of the total land in South Africa.
state. The APO realised that all black people would be denied the right Many individuals lost their land and were forced to live
In the 20th century, some nationalist leaders in Europe, the to vote in the new South African Union, in response the APO sent overcrowded areas, causing poverty and starvation.
Middle East, and West Africa became increasingly conservative a delegation to its members to London to appeal to Britain to In 1914 a delegation from the SANNC went to England to voice
and self-serving. reject the draft Act of Union and guarantee equal voting rights to their objections to the 1913 Land Act.
Nationalism is founded on the belief that individuals who share a all ‘civilised’ men. World War Two broke out in Europe in 1939 South Africa troops
common culture, ethnic background and history should be Despite the AOP’s efforts, the draft Act was passed. joined the war on the side of the British against Nazi Germany.
allowed to govern themselves. The AOP continued to play a prominent role until the 1940’s, In 1940 the ANC entered a new chapter in its history under the
The feeling of loyalty and collective action in nationalism when it gave way to more radical organisations. leadership of Dr Alfred Xuma.
motivates them to fight for independence, overthrow their In response to the formation of the Union of South Africa (1910) 1944, Xuma was responsible for brining the ANC Youth League
oppressors and celebrate their own culture. African nationalist formed a new organisation to fight for their members into the executive.
Once self-rule is achieved, nationalism can bind a nation together rights. The fight for human rights in South Africa received a boost during
with feelings of pride. In Bloemfontein on 8 January 1912, the South African Native the war with the Atlantic Charter (1941)
Nationalism can be abusive and self-serving when taken to its National Congress (SANNC) came into existence. Motivated by the Charter, the ANC met in Bloemfontein in 1943
extreme. It was renamed the African National Congress (ANC) in 1923. and formed an Atlantic Charter Committee.
1Oth and 20th centuries, nationalism became a very important The SANNC’s aims were expressed by one of the founding During World War Two only white soldiers were slowed to fight
force in the world history. members, Pixly Seme, when he called on all Africans to forget the the enemy, but many black, coloured, and Indian men also
Nationalism has brought out political and social transformation of differences of the past and unite in one national organisation. volunteered.
societies around the world. Among the educated elite were its first president, John Dube, and When these soldiers returned home to South Africa, the found
The industrial Revolution changed social and economic structures Sol Plaatjie, the SANNC first general secretary. that they were still considered inferior.
in Europe. In South Africa, two main forms of nationalism developed, one In 1948 the National Party came into power in South Africa.
Europe in the 1800s resulted in a deep divide between rich and among black Africans and one among a section of those European The ANCYL responded with a Programme of Action in 1949 calling
poor and the emergence of a middle-class. descent, the Afrikaners. for boycotts, strikes, and general defiance.
By 1850, social division in European society had come to be based The Union of South Africa was declared as a self-governing state in The Defiance Campaign of 1952 Targeted Apartheid laws such as
on wealth, rather than on the possession of land. 1910. the Population Registration Act, Group Areas Act, and Bantu
During 1848 and 1849 there were several worker uprisings in Between 1902 and 1910 when Britain prepared South Africa for Education Act.
France and the German states to demand political rights. independence it focused on building relationships within the white Originally, the ANC Youth League had an exclusive view of
Political and economic instability after 1850 stimulated increased population, which had been fractured during the South African Africanism.
nationalism in Europe. War. Anton Muziwake, one of the leaders of the ANCYL, had strong
Nationalism movements had achieved the unification of Germany In the Union of South Africa, only white men had the vote and views that the ANC was for black Africans only.
and Italy by 1871. could be members of parliament. In the early 1950s, a multi-racial Congress Alliance was
Modern nationalism has been responsible for shaping new
established.
identities and dreams for nation.
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