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Samenvatting Lichamelijk Functioneren 4 - Pathologie (NL versie Human Diseases) $7.48
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Samenvatting Lichamelijk Functioneren 4 - Pathologie (NL versie Human Diseases)

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Een samenvatting van de leerstof voor LF4 van de Christelijke Hogeschool Ede uit het boek Pathologie - 8e editie (Zelman, 2017), de Nederlandse versie van het boek Human Diseases. Alle leerstof die in de syllabus van LF4 staat uit het boek 'Human Diseases' van Zelman is in deze Nederlandstalige sam...

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  • Paragrafen uit de hoofdstukken 6-10 en 13-16
  • October 9, 2020
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LF4 – Pathologie (Zelman, 2017) – NL versie van ‘Human Diseases’ 8e editie

Inhoud
H.6 Aandoeningen v.h. hart- en vaatstelsel – cardiologie......................................................................4
6.1. Anatomie en fysiologie................................................................................................................4
6.1.1. Anatomie en fysiologie v.h. hart...........................................................................................4
6.2.1. Anatomie en fysiologie v.d. bloedvaten................................................................................5
6.3. Hart- en vaatziekten....................................................................................................................6
6.3.2. Arteriële aandoeningen........................................................................................................6
6.3.3. Aandoeningen v.h. veneuze stelsel.......................................................................................9
6.3.4. Stoornissen v.d. hartfunctie................................................................................................11
6.3.7. Hartklepaandoeningen.......................................................................................................11
6.3.8. Hartgeleidingsstoornissen..................................................................................................12
6.4. Hartfalen....................................................................................................................................13
H.7. Aandoeningen v.h. bloed – Hematologie......................................................................................14
7.1. Anatomie en fysiologie in het kort.............................................................................................14
7.3. Anemie......................................................................................................................................15
7.3.1. Anemie t.g.v. verminderde of gestoorde aanmaak.............................................................15
7.3.2. Hemolytische anemie.........................................................................................................18
7.3.3. Hemoglobinopathieën........................................................................................................18
7.5. Stoornissen in de hemostase.....................................................................................................19
7.5.1. Trombocytopenie...............................................................................................................19
7.5.2. Idiopathische trombocytopenische purpura.......................................................................20
7.5.3. Stollingsstoornissen............................................................................................................20
7.6. Afwijkingen v.d. witte bloedcellen.............................................................................................21
7.6.1. Neutropenie........................................................................................................................21
H.8 Aandoeningen v.h. ademhalingsstelsel – Pulmonologie................................................................21
8.1. Anatomie en fysiologie in het kort.............................................................................................22
8.2. Veelvoorkomende symptomen van luchtwegaandoeningen....................................................23
8.5. Aandoeningen van de onderste luchtwegen.............................................................................23
8.5.2. Longontsteking...................................................................................................................23
8.5.3. Tuberculose........................................................................................................................24
8.5.4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).................................................................25
8.5.5. Astma..................................................................................................................................26
8.5.6. Taaislijmziekte....................................................................................................................27
8.5.7. Pleuritis...............................................................................................................................28

, 8.5.8. Pneumothorax....................................................................................................................28
8.5.9. Atelectase...........................................................................................................................29
8.5.10. Longembolie.....................................................................................................................29
H.9 Aandoeningen v.h. spijsverteringsstelsel – gastro-enterologie......................................................30
9.1. Anatomie en fysiologie in het kort.............................................................................................30
9.4. Aandoeningen v.d. slokdarm.....................................................................................................31
9.4.2. Slokdarmspataderen...........................................................................................................31
9.4.3. Oesofagitis en gastro-oesofageale reflux............................................................................31
9.5. Aandoeningen v.d. maag...........................................................................................................32
9.5.2. Atrofische gastritis..............................................................................................................32
9.5.3. Peptische zweren................................................................................................................32
9.5.4. Gastro-enteritis en voedselvergiftiging...............................................................................33
9.5.5. Braken.................................................................................................................................34
9.6. Aandoeningen v.d. darmen.......................................................................................................35
9.6.2. Malabsorptie.......................................................................................................................35
9.6.3. Coeliakie.............................................................................................................................35
9.6.4. Diverticulitis........................................................................................................................36
9.6.5. Ziekte van Crohn.................................................................................................................36
9.6.6. Colitis ulcerosa....................................................................................................................37
9.6.9. Prikkelbare darmsyndroom................................................................................................38
9.6.10. Aambeien..........................................................................................................................38
9.6.12. Diarree en obstipatie........................................................................................................39
H.10 Aandoeningen v.h. urinewegstelsel – nefrologie.........................................................................39
10.1 Anatomie en fysiologie in het kort............................................................................................39
10.1.1. Het nefron.........................................................................................................................39
10.3. Acute nieraandoeningen.........................................................................................................40
10.3.1. Acuut nierfalen.................................................................................................................40
10.3.2. Urineweginfecties.............................................................................................................41
10.3.3. Ontsteking v.d. nieren.......................................................................................................42
10.3.4. Niersteenlijden.................................................................................................................43
10.4. Chronische nieraandoeningen.................................................................................................44
10.4.1. Nierinsufficiëntie...............................................................................................................44
10.4.2. Chronische nierinsufficiëntie............................................................................................45
10. 4.3. Terminaal nierfalen..........................................................................................................47
10.4.4. Overige chronische aandoeningen...................................................................................48
H.13 Aandoeningen v.h. zenuwstelsel – neurologie.............................................................................49

, 13.1. Anatomie en fysiologie in het kort...........................................................................................49
13.1.1. Overzicht...........................................................................................................................49
13.1.2. Neuronen..........................................................................................................................49
13.1.3. Centraal zenuwstelsel.......................................................................................................49
13.1.4. Perifeer zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................51
13.4. Epilepsie...................................................................................................................................51
13.5. Cerebrovasculair accident........................................................................................................52
13.7 Infectieziekten v.h. zenuwstelsel..............................................................................................53
13.7.5. Gordelroos........................................................................................................................53
13.8. Degeneratieve neurologische aandoeningen..........................................................................53
13.8.1. Ziekte van Alzheimer........................................................................................................53
13.8.2. Multipele sclerose.............................................................................................................54
13.8.3. Amyotrofische laterale sclerose........................................................................................55
13.8.4. Ziekte van Parkinson.........................................................................................................55
H.14 Aandoeningen van ogen en oren.................................................................................................56
14.1 Anatomie en fysiologie v.h. oog in het kort..............................................................................56
14.3. Aandoeningen v.d. ogen..........................................................................................................57
14.3.1. Refractieafwijkingen.........................................................................................................57
14.3.2. Netvliesafwijkingen...........................................................................................................58
14.3.3. Glaucoom..........................................................................................................................60
14.3.4. Cataract............................................................................................................................60
14.4. Anatomie en fysiologie v.h. oor...............................................................................................61
14.6. Aandoeningen v.h. oor............................................................................................................61
14.6.2. Aandoeningen v.h. middenoor.........................................................................................61
14.6.3. Aandoeningen v.h. binnenoor..........................................................................................62
H.15 Aandoeningen v.d. psyche...........................................................................................................63
15.1. Inleiding...................................................................................................................................63
15.6. Behandeling van psychische stoornissen.................................................................................63
15.7. Psychische stoornissen............................................................................................................64
15.7.1. Depressieve stoornis.........................................................................................................64
H.16 Aandoeningen v.h. motorische stelsel – reumatologie................................................................65
16.1 Anatomie en fysiologie in het kort............................................................................................65
16.4. Aandoeningen v.d. gewrichten................................................................................................66
16.4.1. Artritis...............................................................................................................................66

, H.6 Aandoeningen v.h. hart- en vaatstelsel – cardiologie
6.1. Anatomie en fysiologie
Functie bloedsomloop = transport van zuurstof, voedings- en afvalstoffen

Onderdelen:
- Hart: pompt bloed rond
- Longen: voorzien bloed van zuurstof
- Bloedvaten: buizen waar bloed doorheen stroomt
o Arteriën/slagaders: vervoeren bloed van hart naar weefsels
o Venen/aderen: vervoeren bloed terug naar hart
- Bloed

Twee delen:
- Grote bloedsomloop = lichaamscirculatie:
o Zuurstofrijk bloed uit linkerventrikel wordt via aorta + arteriën naar alle delen v.h.
lichaam gepompt  venen brengen zuurstofarm bloed naar rechteratrium terug
- Kleine bloedsomloop = longcirculatie
o Zuurstofarm bloed uit rechterventrikel wordt via arteriae pulmonales + kleinere
arteriën naar longen vervoert  zuurstofopname in bloed uit alveoli  zuurstofrijk
bloed wordt via venae pulmonales naar linkeratrium vervoerd
Septum = tussenschot tussen atria en ventrikels  scheidt zuurstofrijk van -arm bloed

6.1.1. Anatomie en fysiologie v.h. hart
Cor = hart = holle spier die tussen longen in thorax ligt

Hart bestaat uit 4 compartimenten:
- Linker-/rechteratrium (boezem): bloed komt in hart vanuit longen + rest v.h. lichaam
- Linker-/rechterventrikel (kamer): bloed verlaat hart naar longen + rest v.h. lichaam

Hartlagen/-vliezen:
Compartimentwanden bestaan uit hartspierweefsel = myocard
Myocard is aan binnenzijde bekleed door glad vlies = endocard
Hart wordt omgeven door hartzakje = pericard  bestaat uit 2 lagen

Hartkleppen:
Tussen ventrikels + atria zitten kleppen = atrioventriculaire of AV-kleppen
- Tussen LA-LV: valva atrioventricularis sinistra of valva mitralis (= mitralisklep)  2 slippen =
bicuspidalisklep
- Tussen RA-RV: valva atrioventricularis dextra of valva tricuspidalis (= tricuspidalisklep)  3
slippen
Als ventrikels samentrekken, zijn AV-kleppen gesloten: bloed kan niet terugstromen naar atria

Tussen ventrikels + slagaders zitten kleppen:
- Tussen RV en truncus pulmonalis (= longslagaderstam): valva trunci pulmonalis =
pulmonalis- of longslagaderklep
- Tussen LV en aorta: valva aortae = aorta- of lichaamsslagaderklep
Als ventrikels samentrekken, zijn deze kleppen open. Aan eind van ventrikelcontractie sluiten
kleppen: bloed kan niet terugstromen naar het hart

Hartcyclus

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