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Pre-Module Reading - Starting a business

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Business Law and Practice notes - BPP Law School - High Distinction Level notes! In-depth and necessary notes. I've done all the reading and made the notes so you don't have to! I've set out the reading in a more manageable manner, with structure, colour codes and examples.

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  • October 14, 2020
  • 6
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
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1. Pre-Module Reading-



SECTION 1: Considerations when starting a business-

Why businesses are set up?-

Generally, for a profit.

 Generated by selling/ providing services/ goods
o This will incur the business expenses.
o If the income of the business exceeds the expenses = Profit.
o Proportion of this profit is likely given to the owners of said business; while the rest is
retained by the business, to allow growth.



--

Finance-

Why do businesses need to raise finance?-

 To purchase the business premises
o For operation, stock, plant, machinery, + any needed hardware/ software for producing
and selling the stock
 Employ staff & Provide a service to customers
 From time – to –time professional advisors & accountants
 Expand & grow the business
o Expand the premises/ equip, marketing, acquiring other businesses.

-

How do businesses raise finance?-

4 basic ways:

 Owners invest by making contributions of capital
 Outside investors contributions to capital, in order to share future profits
 Borrowing money
 Proportion of profits retained via business in order to help it grow

-

Business Media Overview-

Sole Trader-

Sole trader conducts business personally.

The business & the sole trader are one in the same entity.

,  Hence business has no legal identity of its own
 When entering into contracts, this means the ST does so in his own personal capacity and will
have unlimited liability under it

No specific legislation for ST – just the relevant law

ST have unlimited personal liability to 3 rd Parties.

-

Partnership-

Governed by PA 1890 and other relevant leg.

Partnership Act 1890 s1: Partnership is the relation which subsists between persons carrying on a
business in common with a view of profit.

 Arguably a wide definition as it applies irrespective of contrary intention

There are many forms of a partnership -

 Some involve an informal association between 2 persons to carry on a business without any
express agreement
 Others may have a very large and professional business, with an elaborate partnership deed



Partnerships, although defines by statute – have no separate legal identity

 Hence partnership is unable to enter into contracts or own property – and so the partners will
conduct said things in their own name, own the property jointly & enter into contracts jointly.
 On insolvency – creditors are able to satisfy debts by enforcement against the personal assets of
each partner themselves

Partners have an unlimited liability to 3 rd parties – either joint, joint and several

 Determinable by the nature of the liability

-

Limited Partnerships-

Here, some partners will not be held liable for the debts and other liabilities of the partnership.

 These are ‘Limited Partners’ - distinct from the General Partners
 There is a requirement from involvement of at least 2 partners – Ie: one LP and one GP
 No Sep legal identity
 Limited Partnership Act 1907 + relevant law, leg

A new sub-category of LP was created on 6 th April ‘17 - ‘Private Fund Limited Partnership’

 A list of permitted activities in which the LP can be involved, without being deemed to be
involved in management

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