Genetic analysis trends and concepts - GEN30306 - Summary of lectures and papers
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Course
GEN30306 (GEN30306)
Institution
Wageningen University (WUR)
This is my summary for the course genetic analysis trends and concepts. I started with an explanation of mitosis and meiosis as it is important to have a very clear image of those in this course. Furthermore the summary includes lecture notes and summaries of the papers provided by the course. If p...
Genetic analysis trends and
concepts
Minor or additional info
Terminology
Assumed knowledge meiosis and mitosis:
Meiosis = in germ cells
Mitosis = somatic cells
Mitosis: one cell divides once into two identical cells.
Mitosis consists of 5 phases IPMAT:
1. Interphase
DNA is copied leading to two identical full sets of chromosomes
There are two centrosomes outside of the nucleus containing centrioles
Microtubules extend from the centrosomes
2. Prophase
Chromosomes condense into X shapes
Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids containing identical information
Chromosomes pair up so that both copies of each are together
The nucleus membrane dissolves away
The mitotic spindle extends across the cell between the centrioles as they move to
opposite poles
3. Metaphase
Chromosomes line up end to end along the centre of the cell
, The centrioles are at opposite poles and have mitotic spindle fibres extending from them
The mitotic spindle fibres attach to each of the sister chromatids
4. Anaphase
The sister chromatids are pulled apart pulling each copy to opposite ends of the pole
5. Telophase
At each pole a full set of chromosomes gather
A membrane forms around each set to form new nuclei
The single cell pinches in the middle to form two daughter cells = cytokinesis
, Meiosis: one cell divides twice to form four daughter cells. The four ce3lls have half the number of
chromosomes of the parent cell. They are haploid.
There are nine stages IPMAT1PMAT2:
Meiosis 1
1. Interphase
DNA is copied resulting in two identical full sets of chromosomes
Outside of the nucleus are two centrosomes
Microtubules extend from the centrosomes
2. Prophase 1
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