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ECS3707 UPDATED EXAM PACK (including may/june 2020 memo)
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ECS3707 UPDATED EXAM PACK (including may/june 2020 memo)
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,UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
May/June 2020
ECS3707
Development Economics
Solutions for 2020 (JUNE)
100 Marks
Duration: 3 Hours
This paper consists of fifteen (15) pages.
Instructions:
(1) Submit your answers as a single document in PDF format. It is preferable for you to type your
answers (Font: Arial 12) and then convert your document to PDF format for submission.
However, if this is not possible, you may also write your answers down and scan them to a PDF
file. Please write legibly.
(2) Start with a cover page stating the module code (ECS3707) and your student number.
(3) This should be followed by your answers to the questions. Note that all four questions are
compulsory. There are no elective questions.
(4) There is no need for a table of contents, introduction, conclusion or list of references (as was
required in your assignments). Simply answer the questions asked.
(5) Make sure that each question and subquestion is clearly numbered.
(6) While you are not required to cite your sources, this does not mean that you can simply copy
information from any source. You need to answer the questions in your own words. Plagiarism
will not be tolerated and may result in disciplinary action if detected.
(7) Please ensure that you submitted a declaration of honesty on myUnisa.
(8) Please ensure that your PDF document is NOT encrypted to a “secured” mode and that it is NOT
password protected as these files cannot be marked. Virus infected files will also not be marked.
(9) Submit your answers in one PDF document by using the Assessment Info tool on myUnisa.
Detailed instructions are provided in Tutorial Letter ECS3707/102/1/2020.
,This paper consists of FOUR compulsory questions with 25 marks each. Answer all
four questions.
QUESTION 1
1.1 Evaluate the impact of Covid-19 on the informal sector in South African by discussing the
advantages and disadvantages of the sector, and interventions that the South African
government can use to lessen impact. Make use of suitable examples to justify your answer.
(25)
Positive effects of informal economy.
Creates demand for less- or un- skilled workers
Uses appropriate technologies, local resources
Recycling of waste materials
More benefits to poor, especially women who are concentrated in the informal
sector
Negative effects of informal economy
It could aggravate the urban unemployment problem
Environmental consequences
N.B if the above points are well explained the students will get full marks.
Total [25]
QUESTION 2
2.1 Why is increasing income not enough for improving health and education in developing
countries? (10)
The question bellow requires the student to evaluate why education in health does
not translate to development.
The broader point is to identify the factors stifling education and health even in instances
where people have higher incomes.
These factors include
Attitudes and behaviours in the developing world.
Government policy towards health care and education.
Demonstration effect ( Copying of developed world standards and lifestyles)
Corruption of public funds weakening service delivery in health and education.
2.2 Critically assess the different indicators of a developing world and make use of suitable
examples to justify your answer (15).
Indicators of the developing world
Low levels of income per capita as explained by Rostow.
Malnutrition.
Lower Levels of Living and Productivity.
, Lower Levels of Human Capital.
Higher Levels of Inequality and Absolute Poverty.
Higher Population Growth Rates.
Greater Social Fractionalization.
Larger Rural Populations but Rapid Rural-to-Urban Migration.
N.B All these answers are available in Todaro and Smith 11th edition.(Question constructed
from page 64)
QUESTION 3
3.1Corruption in South Africa has reached epidemic levels and threatens the lives of all
South African citizens. Discuss the impact of corruption in South Africa and outline
strategies to reduce it. (10)
Corruption in South Africa is on an upward trend. The transparency international ranked
SA 73/180 on the level of corruption. Currently there is alleged corruption
surrounding covid PPE which could worsen the current status of corruption in South
Africa.
Discuss the Impact of corruption in South Africa and outline strategies to reduce it
Impacts of corruption in South Africa
Corruption is the reason for South Africa’s low economic growth rate, the recession
and the country being assigned junk status by global rating agencies
Increases cost of running government Zondo Commission of Inquiry that former
president Jacob Zuma’s firing in December 2015 of former Finance Minister
Nhlanhla Nene for allegedly stopping corrupt deals cost the economy more than
R500bn
Loss of savings of poor black majority -The plundering of VBS Mutual Bank caused
poor black pensioners and stokvels to lose the little savings they have.
Corruption undermines the delivery of public services, slows economic growth and
stunts development.
Corruption causes many potential foreign investors not to come to South Africa.
Many local entrepreneurs reduce current investments and shelve new investments.
BEE “companies” after winning the contracts, get foreign companies to deliver the
required products, without using local products, labour or services. (This is done
after use of corrupt officials).
Corruption undermines the power of ordinary citizens to influence decision and
policy-making as decisions and policies have been bought by small elites.
Strategies to reduce corruption
End impunity.
Reform public administration and finance management.
Promote transparency and access to information.
Empower citizens.
Close international loopholes
3.2 Distinguish between the three major strands of the International Dependence
revolution. (15)
Within this general approach are three major streams of thought: the Neo-colonial dependence
model, the false-paradigm model, and the dualistic-development thesis.
The Neo-colonial Dependence Model
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