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Summary Language and Speech

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  • Course
  • Neurosciences
  • Institution
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)

Orderly and clear summary of Language and speech what is discussed during the neuroscience lectures. With this summary you will save a lot of time. I passed this course with a 8,2. Good luck :)

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Document information

  • October 26, 2020
  • 2
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

Subjects

  • biomedical sciences
  • biomedische wetenschappen
  • language and speech
  • neurosciences
  • vu

Written for

  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Neurosciences
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Neuroscience – speech and language
Lateralisation:
Lateralisation (brain asymmetry, hemispheric specialisation); structural and functional
differences in left and right hemisphere. Mainly means differences in sensory, motor,
cognitive and emotional changes.
 Left hemisphere
o Language
 Right hemisphere
o Visuospatial (ruimtelijk) tasks (mental rotation)
o Emotion
 Emotional aspects language
 Emotional facial expression (left side of the face is under control
of right hemisphere: more fully expressed emotions left side
face)
o Facial recognition (recognizing who is that person, not recognizing
facial expressions) right inferior temporal lobe. Damage --> problems
with facial recognition; ‘facial blindness’ or prosopagnosia

The ‘dominant hemisphere idea’ is misleading. Because both hemispheres
participate in these processes: efficient subdivision of complex functions rather than
superiority of one hemisphere over the other.
The left hemisphere is dominant for language that is correct but that not make the left
hemisphere your dominant hemisphere shaping your personality.

Language lateralization:
Language; associate (koppel) arbitrary symbols (words) with specific meaning to
express ideas. It is a symbolic representation of objects, concepts and feelings. The
symbols can be spoken/heard, written/read, signed/seen.

Language requires;
 Grammar; set of rules for using symbols
 Syntax (zinsbouw); ordering of symbols to generate useful meanings
 Prosody; emotional valence, ‘coloring’ of speech (stress, rhythm, pitch).
o Absent in written language
 Punctuation (?!)
 Typography; bold italic underlines
 Emotions 

Cortical language areas:
What do we need when we want to speak:
 Motor activity because moving face when talking and control mouth, tongue,
larynx
 Auditive cortex for sound perception
 Visual cortex for perception written language and sign
language

2 cortical language area; only on left side of the brain
1. Broca’s areas; in ventroposterior frontal lobe. Produce
language

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