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Samenvatting Grasple Statistiek H1 t/m H6 $5.90
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Samenvatting Grasple Statistiek H1 t/m H6

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Samenvatting van de online leermethode Grasple. Deze leermethode wordt gebruikt bij het vak Statistiek. Hierin worden onderwerpen behandeld als: basisbegrippen, Z-scores, steekproeven , Hypotheses, T-verdeling, T-toets, kansintervallen Chi-kwadraat, correlatie, Binomiale verdelingen en nog veel mee...

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  • October 27, 2020
  • 39
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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By: anthony_pap • 3 year ago

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Samenvatting statistiek




Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1................................................................................................................................................... 3

1

, Wat is statistiek?..................................................................................................................................................3
Basisbegrippen.....................................................................................................................................................4
Meetniveau van een variabele.............................................................................................................................4
Centrummaten & spreidingsmaten......................................................................................................................5
Frequentietabel....................................................................................................................................................6
Meetniveaus.........................................................................................................................................................6
Mediaan...............................................................................................................................................................6
Gemiddelde..........................................................................................................................................................7
Spreiding...............................................................................................................................................................7
Maten van spreiding............................................................................................................................................7
Bereik....................................................................................................................................................................8
Spreidingsdiagram...............................................................................................................................................8
Gemiddelde afwijking...........................................................................................................................................8

.................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Hoofdstuk 2................................................................................................................................................. 10
Populatie en steekproef.....................................................................................................................................10
Beschrijvende en inferentiële statistiek..............................................................................................................11
Steekproefvariatie..............................................................................................................................................11
Standaarddeviatie van een steekproef..............................................................................................................11
Normale verdeling..............................................................................................................................................12
Steekproevenverdeling.......................................................................................................................................12
Populatie-, steekproef- en steekproevenverdeling............................................................................................12
Centrale limietstelling........................................................................................................................................13
Standaardfout....................................................................................................................................................13
Geschatte standaardfout...................................................................................................................................13
Waarde na kans.................................................................................................................................................14
Kans naar waarde..............................................................................................................................................14
Z-tabel................................................................................................................................................................14
Kansintervallen...................................................................................................................................................15
Punt versus interval voorspellingen...................................................................................................................17
Betrouwbaarheidsintervallen voor het gemiddelde..........................................................................................17
Berekenen betrouwbaarheidsintervallen met Z-verdeling................................................................................18

Hoofdstuk 3................................................................................................................................................. 19
Hypotheses.........................................................................................................................................................19
Statistische significantie.....................................................................................................................................20
Statistische toets................................................................................................................................................21
Hypothese toetsen.............................................................................................................................................22


2

, T-verdeling deel 1...............................................................................................................................................23
T-verdeling deel 2...............................................................................................................................................23
t-tabel lezen........................................................................................................................................................24
T-toets 1 steekproef...........................................................................................................................................24
T-toets 2 steekproeven.......................................................................................................................................25

Hoofdstuk 4................................................................................................................................................. 28
Het kiezen van een geschikte statistische toets.................................................................................................28
Chi-kwadraat voor onafhankelijkheid................................................................................................................29
Chi-kwadraat voor onafhankelijkheid in SPSS....................................................................................................29
Cramer’s V..........................................................................................................................................................32

Hoofdstuk 5................................................................................................................................................. 33
Pearson’s r & spearman’s rho............................................................................................................................34
Spearman’s rho & Pearson’s r toetsen...............................................................................................................34
Correlatie toets in SPSS......................................................................................................................................35

.................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Hoofdstuk 6................................................................................................................................................. 37
Conceptueel begrip van Binomiale verdeling.....................................................................................................38
Notatie van Binomiale verdeling parameters....................................................................................................38
Eigenschappen van Binomiale verdelingen........................................................................................................38
Binominaal toets in SPSS....................................................................................................................................38




Hoofdstuk 1

Wat is statistiek?
Marktonderzoek
- Kwalitatief onderzoek -> begrip over bepaald onderwerp
- Kwantitatief onderzoek -> inzicht in cijfermatige verhoudingen  STATISTIEK

2 vormen statistiek:
- Beschrijvende statistiek: het ordenen en presenteren van je gegevens
- Verklarende statistiek: steekproefgegevens generaliseren naar een populatie




3

, Basisbegrippen
- Populatie: alle onderzoekseenheden (personen, bedrijven, provincies, landen, etc.)
samen
- Variabele: datgene wat je gaat meten of geobserveerd wordt -> een eigenschap van
de onderzoekseenheden uit een populatie (leeftijd inkomen aantal jaren scholing
soort bedrijf)
- Waarde: onderzoekseenheden hebben bepaalde waarde op een variabele: leeftijd
<20, 20-<40, 40>
Aantal jaren scholing -> 10, 11, 12
Soort bedrijf -> wel of niet overheidsbedrijf

Meetniveau van een variabele
- Nominaal: antwoord categorieën die gelijkwaardig zijn
- Ordinaal: antwoord categorieën die je kunt ordenen op grootte
- Metrisch (ratio/interval): variabele zonder antwoord categorieën, maar met getallen
Godsdienst nominaal
Woonplaats nominaal
Woon werk afstand metrisch
Antwoorden op schaal eens oneens ordinaal
Gewicht Metrisch

Nominaal vb: welk type rookwaar rookt u?
- Marlboro
- Camel
- Etc.
Ordinaal: hoe sterk is de shag die u rookt?
- Niet sterk
- Matig
- sterk
Metrisch: hoeveel sigaretten rookt u gemiddeld per dag?
- < 7 sigaretten per dag
- Tussen 8 en 12 per dag
- Meer dan 12 per dag


Kruistabel




4

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