100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Samenvatting anatomie deel 1 $8.57   Add to cart

Summary

Samenvatting anatomie deel 1

1 review
 79 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

Deze samenvatting is gebaseerd op de hoorcolleges van de eerste bachelor geneeskunde van het vak Anatomie. Het bestaat uit 2 delen, omdat het oorspronkelijk een te groot bestand was. Dit is deel 1 en behandelt: lymfesysteem, zenuwstelsel, hals, thorax en abdomen. Het is een goede bundel van alles w...

[Show more]

Preview 10 out of 67  pages

  • No
  • De hoofdstukken die in de colleges aan bod kwamen. zo goed als alles
  • October 29, 2020
  • 67
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: valriethijsen • 3 year ago

avatar-seller
2019-2020 Samenvatting
anatomie
Deel 1




Kjell Van Rompa
1 BA GENEESKUNDE

,1

,Inhoudsopgave
ROMP (HALS, THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS) ..................................................................................................... 6
LYMFESYSTEEM ................................................................................................................................................ 6
OPBOUW ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
Lymfe .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Lymfevaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Lymfatisch weefsel ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Lymfeknopen of -klieren ................................................................................................................................. 6
Lymfoïde organen ........................................................................................................................................... 6
FUNCTIES ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
Vocht heropname ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Immuniteitsreacties ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Vetabsorbties ................................................................................................................................................. 7
ZENUWSTELSEL ................................................................................................................................................ 7
INDELING ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
HET ENTERISCH ZENUWSTELSEL (EZS) .......................................................................................................................... 8
ORTHOSYMPATISCH SYSTEEM ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Opbouw .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Sympatische innervatie van thoracale en cervicale organen ......................................................................... 9
Sympatische innervatie in het abdomen, pelvis en bijnieren........................................................................ 10
Effecten OS op verschillende targetorganen ................................................................................................ 10
PARASYMPATISCH SYSTEEM ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Opbouw ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
Preganglionaire PS craniale zenuwen .......................................................................................................... 11
Preganglionaire PS sacrale zenuwen ............................................................................................................ 11
Effecten PS op effectororganen .................................................................................................................... 11
HALS ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
HALS ALS GEHEEL ................................................................................................................................................... 12
REGIO’S VAN DE HALS ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Posterieure halsdriehoek .............................................................................................................................. 13
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Spieren ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Bloedvoorziening en innervatie ................................................................................................................................. 14
Anterieure halsdriehoek ............................................................................................................................... 15
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Spieren ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Bloedvaten ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Zenuwen .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Lymfeknopen ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
Organen: schildklier en bijschildklieren ..................................................................................................................... 18
Halsbasis ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Bloedvaten ................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Zenuwen .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Lymfewegen............................................................................................................................................................... 20
GESPECIALISEERDE STRUCTUREN IN HALS .................................................................................................................... 20
Pharynx of keel ............................................................................................................................................. 20
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Spieren vd pharynx ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Doorbloeding ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
Innervatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
Nasopharynx .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
Oropharynx ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Hypopharynx (=laryngoharynx) ................................................................................................................................. 21



2

, Larynx of strottenhoofd ................................................................................................................................ 22
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Kraakbeenstructuren larynx ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Cartilago cricoidea ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Cartilago thyroidea ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Arytenoiden .......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Epiglottis ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
Intrinsieke ligamenten van de larynx ......................................................................................................................... 23
Lig. Cricothyroideum ............................................................................................................................................. 23
Membrana quadrangularis ................................................................................................................................... 24
Regio’s larynx ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Bloedvoorziening ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
Bezenuwing................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Functies ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26

THORAX ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
THORAX ALS GEHEEL ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Diafragma .................................................................................................................................................... 27
REGIO PECTORALIS ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Spieren regio pectoralis ................................................................................................................................ 28
Borstklier of glandula mammaria ................................................................................................................. 29
THORAXWAND ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Intercostaalarteriën ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Intercostaalvenen ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Intercostaalzenuwen .................................................................................................................................... 29
Lymfedrainage thoraxwand ......................................................................................................................... 29
PLEURAHOLTES...................................................................................................................................................... 30
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 30
Longen .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Projectie van longen en pleurae op de thoraxwand ..................................................................................... 32
Trachea en bronchaalboom .......................................................................................................................... 33
Arteriae & venae pulmonales ....................................................................................................................... 33
Long en viscerale pleura bezenuwing ........................................................................................................... 33
Lymfedrainage long ...................................................................................................................................... 34
MEDIASTINUM ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 34
Mediastinum superius .................................................................................................................................. 34
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Thymus/zwezerik ....................................................................................................................................................... 35
Trachea + oesophagus ............................................................................................................................................... 35
V. brachiocephalica sinistra/dextra ........................................................................................................................... 35
V. cava superior ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
N. vagus ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35
N. phrenicus ............................................................................................................................................................... 35
Aortaboog + 3 zijtakken ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Ductus thoracicus ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
Mediastinum anterius .................................................................................................................................. 36
Mediastinum medius .................................................................................................................................... 37
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Pericard ...................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Hart (cor).................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Algemeen .............................................................................................................................................................. 37
Rechteratrium ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
Rechterventrikel.................................................................................................................................................... 39
Linkeratrium .......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Linkerventrikel ...................................................................................................................................................... 39
Auscultatie hart ..................................................................................................................................................... 40



3

, Vascularisatie : coronair systeem .......................................................................................................................... 40
Prikkelvormings- en geleidingssysteem ................................................................................................................ 41
Hartinnervatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
Mediastinum posterius ................................................................................................................................. 42
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Oesophagus ............................................................................................................................................................... 42
Algemeen .............................................................................................................................................................. 42
Bloedvoorziening .................................................................................................................................................. 43
Lymfedrainage ...................................................................................................................................................... 43
Bezenuwing ........................................................................................................................................................... 43
Aorta thoracica .......................................................................................................................................................... 43
Azygossysteem ........................................................................................................................................................... 43
Ductus thoracicus ...................................................................................................................................................... 44
Truncus sympathicus ................................................................................................................................................. 44

ABDOMEN ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
ALGEMEEN OVERZICHT............................................................................................................................................ 45
ABDOMINALE WAND .............................................................................................................................................. 47
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 47
Buikspieren ................................................................................................................................................... 48
Rectusschede ................................................................................................................................................ 49
Bezenuwing .................................................................................................................................................. 49
Arteriële bevloeiing van buikwand ............................................................................................................... 49
Lymfedrainage .............................................................................................................................................. 50
Toegangswegen - Laparotomie .................................................................................................................... 50
LIES EN LIESKANAAL ................................................................................................................................................ 50
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 50
Lieskanaal ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
Ductus spermaticus ...................................................................................................................................... 52
PERITONEUM EN PERITONEAAL HOLTE (CAVUM PERITONEI) ........................................................................................... 53
VISCERA ............................................................................................................................................................... 55
Oesophagus .................................................................................................................................................. 55
Gaster (maag) .............................................................................................................................................. 55
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Bloedvoorziening ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
Lymfedrainage ........................................................................................................................................................... 55
Bezenuwing................................................................................................................................................................ 56
Duodenum (twaalfvingerige darm) .............................................................................................................. 56
Jejunum-ileum .............................................................................................................................................. 57
Colon............................................................................................................................................................. 57
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Bloedvoorziening ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
Veneuze drainage van GI-kanaal................................................................................................................................ 58
Lymfedrainage maag/darmkanaal ............................................................................................................................. 58
Hepar (lever) ................................................................................................................................................. 59
Galblaas ........................................................................................................................................................ 60
Pancreas ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
Milt ............................................................................................................................................................... 61
POSTERIEURE ABDOMINALE REGIO ............................................................................................................................ 61
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................... 61
Posterieure abdominale wand...................................................................................................................... 62
Nieren ........................................................................................................................................................... 62
Ureters .......................................................................................................................................................... 63
Bijnieren........................................................................................................................................................ 64
Zenuwbanen ................................................................................................................................................. 64
BRONNENLIJST ............................................................................................................................................... 66




4

,5

,Romp (hals, thorax, abdomen, pelvis)
Lymfesysteem
Opbouw
Lymfe
Vocht verzameld vanuit interstitiële ruimte weefsels → bloedcirculatie
Bevat lymfocyten (type WBC) en macrofagen (cel die restjes kan omzetten in interstitieel materiaal).

Lymfevaten
Zorgen voor circulatie lymfe:
▪ Contractie lymfevaten
▪ Contractie omliggende skeletspieren
▪ Drukveranderingen thorax
Zitten niet in CZS, beenmerg en avasculaire
weefsels.
Ze hebben:
▪ Kleppen voor unidirectionele flow
▪ Geen basaal membraan
▪ Geen pomp zoals het hart
Permeabel
▪ Overlappend epithale begrenzing
Alle efferente lymfevaten → lymfetrunci → 2
lymfeafvoergangen → veneuze circulatie
Lymfeafvoergangen:
▪ Ductus lymfaticus dexter: draineert rechterste bovenste lidmaat, rechterzijde thorax en
hoofd in v. subclavia dexter
▪ Duxtus thoracicus: draineert rest lichaam in v. subclavia sinister

Lymfatisch weefsel
Omvat aggregaten van lymfocyten en macrofagen in MALT (mucosa-associated lympathic tissue):
gastrointestinale tractus, tonsillen, ademhalings-, urinair en reproductief stelsel.

Lymfeknopen of -klieren
Boonvormige, omkapselende structuren die lymfedrainage onderbreken.
Meer afferente banen komen toe (convexe kant) dan dat er efferente vertrekken (hilus).
Functie = filter voor pathogene kiemen en (maligne) cellen.
Palpabele knopen: hals, oksel, lies
Niet-palpabele knopen: trachea, bronchi, thorax, para-aortaal in abdomen
Virchow-klier:
▪ Belangrijke palpeerbare klier
▪ Supraclaviculair bij uitmonding ductus thoracicus
▪ Bij uitzaaiing (van vb. borst- of slokdarmkanker) via ductus thoracicus → opzwelling

Lymfoïde organen
Thymus en milt (later besproken)




6

,Functies
Vocht heropname
(Interstitieel) vocht filtert continu uit capillairen in weefsels → bloedcapillairen 85% heropname +
lymfecapillairen 15% heropname
Deze 15% = 2-4L water + plasmaproteïnen => zonder lymfebanen → ‘verdrinken’ in vocht
Partiële interferentie lymfecirculatie → vochtophoping = lymfoedeem

Immuniteitsreacties
Ook cellen + pathogenen opgenomen → gefilterd in knopen → hier lokken immuuncellen
(inflammatoire/maligne) reactie uit → knopen vergroten pathologisch → easy op te sporen

Vetabsorbties
In dunne darm: vetten uit voedsel door darmslijmvlies verwerkt tot chylomicronen (proteïnegecoate
lipidedruppels).
Chylomicronen te groot voor vasculaire capillairen → vanuit epitheelcellen in IC (interstitieel
compartiment) → meegenomen door lymfen
Lymfe vanuit dunne darm = chyle (=wit)


Zenuwstelsel
Indeling




Somatisch ZS:
▪ Innervatie structuren zoals huid, meeste skeletspieren aflomstig somieten embryo
(embryonaal oersegment)
▪ Opgebouwd uit:
o Afferente sensorische zenuwen (van periferie naar CZS)
o Efferente motorische zenuwen (van CZS naar skeletspier)




7

,Visceraal ZS of autonoom ZS (AZS):
▪ Bezenuwing organen, gladde spieren en klieren (in periferie)
o Sensorisch component: monitoring veranderingen
binnen organen (pH, druk bij voedsel in maag)
o Motorisch component: bezenuwing gladde
spierweefsel, hartspier en klieren
▪ Gestuurd door hypothalamus
▪ In- en uitgangen viscerale vezels:
o Craniale zenuwen (III, VII, IX en X) (parasympatisch)
o Ruggenmergnieveaus: T1-L2 (sympatisch) en S2-S4
(parasympatisch)

Sensorische vezels:
▪ Functionele overlap: kan zowel somatisch als visceraal zijn
▪ Periferie naar CZS

Motorische vezels:
▪ Somatisch ZS:
o 1 Neuron van CZS naar effectororgaan
o Cellichaam neuron in ventrale hoorn ruggenmerg (of motorische kernen craniale
zenuwen)
o Vanuit cellichaam → axon via voorste wortel uit CZS in 1 keer naar effectororgaan
▪ Visceraal ZS:
o 2 neuronen in serie: pre- en postganglionair neuron
o Preganglionaire neuron: lateraal in ruggenmerg → tussenstation = autonoom
ganglion (buiten CZS gerangschikt) → hierin synaps met postganglionaire neuron →
effectororgaan

Het enterisch zenuwstelsel (EZS)
Complex netwerk neuronale cellichamen en axonen in wand spijsverteringskanaal hebben een
belangijke rol bij darmmotiliteit, secretie van darmsappen en absorptie en zijn georganiseerd in 2
plexussen:
▪ Myenterische plexus (pl. van Auerbach)
▪ Submucosale plexus (pl. van Meissner)




8

, Orthosympatisch systeem
Opbouw
Deel visceraal ZS en verlaat ruggenmerg samen met somatische spinale zenuwen van T1-L2.
Paravertebrale ganglia: keten sympatische ganglia aan weerszijde vd wervelkolom; convergeren in
ganglion impar thv os coccygis (ganglion van Walther).
Truncus sympaticus: paravertebrale ganglia samen met opklimmende/dalende vezels
Viscerale motorische vezels via voorste wortel uit ruggenmerg → takken af naar paravertebraal
ganglion via witte ramus communicans (is gemyeliniseerd).
Vanuit witte ramus kan OS motorische vezel:
1. Synaps vormen met postganglionaire vezel:
a. Via grijze ramus communicans → zelfde spinale zenuw op zelfde hoogte →
sympatische innervatie huid (zweetklieren en mm. Erector pili), gladde spiercellen
(bloedvaten dermatoom)
b. Via eigen viscerale zenuw op zelfde hoogte → innervatie thoracale viscera
2. Doorheen paravertebrale ganglion lopen zonder synaps:
a. Opstijgen/dalen → hoger/lager ganglion → synaps postganglionaire vezel → via
grijze ramus communicans → spinale zenuw → sympatische innervatie dermatomen
(boven/onder T1-L2)
b. Opstijgen/dalen → hoger/lager ganglion → synaps postganglionaire vezel → eigen
viscerale zenuw → innervatie cervicale en thoracale organen
c. Convergeren met andere preganglionaire OS vezels als nn. Splanchnici (major,
minor, imus en lumbales) → synaps in prevertebrale ganglia → innervatie
abdominale en pelvische organen
d. Bijnier (schors of merg) → secretie bepaalde hormonen (adrenaline + noradrenaline)




Sympatische innervatie van thoracale en cervicale organen
Vanuit T1-T5: viscerale preganglionaire motorische vezels (zoals 1.b en 2.b) tot postganglionaire
vezels → lopen samen → vormen viscerale autonome zenuwen vb. cardiale OS vezels.
Meestal samen met takken PS in plexussen op orgaan vb. cardiale of pulmonaire viscerale plexus.




9

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kjellvanrompa. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $8.57. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$8.57
  • (1)
  Add to cart