This assignment part A of assignment unit 6 INVESTIGATIVE PROJECT for chemistry of BTEC Applied Science year 3. I was given DISTINCTION without any feedback and its very well done and explained. All the tasks that the assignment brief asks for I have them there. I spent more than 10 hours doing it ...
P1. Carry out a literature search and review into a chosen scientific area.
Phenyl benzoate synthesis Introduction: ester, a family of organic compounds reacting
with water to create alcohol and organic or inorganic acids. Carboxylic acid esters with
formula RCOOR are usually prepared in the presence of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric
acid in a method called esterification by reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols. In
the reaction, the carboxylic acid hydroxyl group (OH) is substituted by the alcohol's
alkoxy group (R'O). Ester names are derived from alcohol at the parent and acid at the
parent.
Although simple esters are sometimes known by their generic names, all esters may be
identified using the formal IUPAC term, based on the name of the acid accompanied by
the suffix "-oate." A carboxylic acid includes the group -COOH, and a group of
hydrocarbons is substituted in an ester. It may be an alkyl group such as methyl or
ethyl, or one that comprises a benzene ring such as phenyl or benzyl. Esters produce a
carbonyl core, culminating in bond angles of 120 degrees C-C-O and O-C-O owing to
sp2 hybridisation.
Unlike amides, esters are dynamic groups and are structurally versatile since there is a
lower energy barrier to rotation along the C-O-C bonds. Their resilience and low
polarity on a macroscopic scale impact their physical properties, they appear to be less
solid, contributing to a lower melting point, and more flexible, leading to a lower boiling
point than the corresponding amides. At carbonyl carbon, the esters react with
nucleophiles. The carbonyl is weakly electrophilic, but is targeted by potent
nucleophiles such as amines, alcoxides, sources of hydrides and compounds of
organolithium.
Small esters have identical boiling points of the same amount of carbon atoms as those
of aldehydes and ketones. Esters, including aldehydes and ketones, are polar
compounds, and therefore have dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion powers of
van der Waals. Nevertheless, they do not form ester-ester hydrogen bonds, and they
have slightly lower boiling points than those of an acid with the same amount of carbon
atoms.
P2. Produce an appropriate project proposal for an investigative project
proposal, to include hypothesis.
My research proposal is based on the production of benzoate phenyl in the laboratory.
AIM: To carefully prepare phenyl benzoate in the laboratory
HYPOTHESIS: I expect that by reacting phenol with benzoyl chloride and
additional sodium hydroxide solution, benzoylated phenyl benzoate may occur.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Phenyl benzoate, C13H10O2, is a product
that occurs at room temperature as white crystalline powder, with a temperature
between 68 and 70 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 298 to 299 degrees
Celsius. This is a benzoic acid phenyl ester and, for health reasons, all phenyl
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller positiveproton0. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.29. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
