Samenvatting vak psychologie en psychomotoriek uit FASE 2.
Deel psychologie: 'Bewustzijn'
Dit document komt overeen met hoorcollege 2 en is gebaseerd op de powerpoint en lesopname.
Gedoceerd door Marc Roelands
Bewustzijn
Inhoud
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
Geest en hersenen ........................................................................................................................................ 2
Freud: ijsbergtheorie .................................................................................................................................... 2
De cognitieve psychologie............................................................................................................................. 2
Wat is bewustzijn? ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Bewustzijn meten ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Common sense ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Gedragsmatig / behavioural .......................................................................................................................... 5
Glasgow Coma Scale ................................................................................................................................. 5
Mini-Mental State Examination (=screeningtest dementie) ....................................................................... 5
Rouge-test ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Neuropsychologisch...................................................................................................................................... 6
Niveaus van bewustzijn .................................................................................................................................... 7
Coma ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
Vegetatieve staat .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Minimale bewuste status / minimal conscious state / MCS ........................................................................... 8
Locked-in syndroom...................................................................................................................................... 8
Slaap............................................................................................................................................................. 9
REM-slaap ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Dagdromen..................................................................................................................................................10
Bewuste bewustzijnsveranderingen .................................................................................................................11
Hypnose ......................................................................................................................................................11
Meditatie .....................................................................................................................................................11
Psychoactieve middelen...............................................................................................................................12
Hallucinogenen ........................................................................................................................................12
Opiaten ....................................................................................................................................................12
Anxiolytica ...............................................................................................................................................12
Stimulerende middelen ............................................................................................................................12
, Inleiding
Geest en hersenen
Is er een relatie tussen geest en hersenen?
Freud: ijsbergtheorie
Het menselijk bewustzijn bestaat uit verschillende lagen:
conscious
o waar we ons bewust van zijn
preconscious
o het voorbewuste
o bv. je eerste kus, de hoofdstad van Europa
unconscious
o wat niet tot het bewuste getild kan worden
o bv. trauma’s, angsten, passies, …
De cognitieve psychologie
De cognitieve psychologie stelt dat bewustzijn en aandacht VERSCHILLENDE FENOMENEN zijn:
4 combinaties mogelijk:
• aandachtig & bewust: werkgeheugen
− bv. je studeert de cursus psychologie
• aandachtig & onbewust: inattentional blindness, priming
− bv. gsm-gebruik tijdens het autorijden: je bent aandachtig, maar toch zie je belangrijke dingen
niet zoals een rood licht, voetganger, …
• niet-aandachtig & bewust: pop-out
− bv. wanneer er iets uitspringt in je waarneming waardoor jij je er bewust van wordt, ook al
besteed je er geen aandacht aan
• niet-aandachtig & onbewust: zombie-gedrag
− bv. je dwaalt enkele minuten af van je online les en beseft niet wat je in die tijd van leerstof
gezien hebt
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