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VOLLEDIGE SAMENVATTING 'ECONOMIE'
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Volledige samenvatting van het vak 'Economie', gegeven door Bruno Merlevede.
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lOMoAR cPSD| 5058758ECONOMIE
1. INLEIDING ...........................................................................................................................................4
2. WELVAART EN MARKTEVENWICHT ..................................................................................... 4
1.1. GOED, MAAR NIET GOED GENOEG ............................................................................... 4
1.2. BELGIË IN DE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX (GCI) .............................................5
1.3. WELVAART: EEN INTERDISCIPLINAIRE ZOEKTOCHT ...................................................6
1.4. WELVAART UIT MARKTTRANSACTIES................................................................................6
1.5. VRAAG, AANBOD EN MARKTEVENWICHT .................................................................. 8
1.6. ZELFREGULERENDE MARTKEN ..................................................................................... 9
1.7. VERLIEZERS EN WINNAARS ....................................................................................... 10
1.8. DE DYNAMIEK VAN DE CONCURRENTIE OP DE MARKT........................................ 10
1.9. WELKE MARTKEN ZIJN ZELFREGULEREND? .......................................................... 10
1.10. OVER OUDE EN NIEUWE MARKTEN .................................................................................. 11
1.11. DE VRIJE MARKT IS GEMAAKT / “LAISSEZ-FAIRE WAS PLANNED” .................. 11
1.12. HET EERSTE RESERVELEGER EN ONGESCHOOLDE TECHNOLOGEN .............. 12
3. BEHOEFTEN, BEGEERTEN, MODELLEN EN BEELDEN .................................................. 13
3.1. ECONOMISCHE ANALYSE IN DE GEZONDHEIDSZORG EN KLIMAATBELEID ........ 13
3.2. SCHAARSTE IN TIJDEN VAN OVERVLOED ...................................................................... 14
3.3. BEGEERTEN ............................................................................................................................. 15
3.4. SCHAARSTE MILIEUGOEDEREN EN ECOSYSTEEMDIENSTEN ................................. 17
3.5. OPPORTUNITEITSKOSTEN EN DE MARGINALE ANALYSE .......................................... 17
3.6. HET GEBRUIK VAN MODELLEN EN HYPOTHESEN.................................................. 18
3.7. HET MODEL VAN DE ECONOMISCHE KRINGLOOP ................................................ 19
3.8. THE EMBEDDED ECONOMY ......................................................................................... 20
3.9. WAT IS GOED VOOR DE ECONOMIE?........................................................................................21
4. DE ECONOMISCHE SCHOLEN ..................................................................................................... 21
4.1. DE KLASSIEKE SCHOOL ....................................................................................................... 21
4.2. DE NEOKLASSIEKE SCHOOL ....................................................................................... 22
4.3. DE MARXISTISCHE SCHOOL .............................................................................................. 22
4.4. DE OOSTENRIJKSE SCHOOL ....................................................................................... 23
4.5. DE KEYNESIAANSE SCHOOL ....................................................................................... 24
4.6. DE INSTITUTIONELE SCHOOL .................................................................................... 24
4.7. DE GEDRAGSECONOMISCHE SCHOOL.................................................................... 24
4.8. DE SCHOOL VAN HET GELUK ....................................................................................... 25
4.9. DE EVOLUTIONAIR-BIOLOGISCHE SCHOOL ................................................................ 26
4.10. DE PRAKTIJKSCHOOL VAN ECONOMISCHE ONTWKKELING............................. 26
4.11. DE NEOLIBERALE IDEOLOGIE ........................................................................................... 27
, 4.12. DIVERSITEIT IN HET ECONOMISCHE DENKEN ............................................................. 29
5. BBP EN HET GEWICHT VAN DE OVERHEID ...................................................................... 29
5.1. BBP, NBP, BNP.................................................................................................................. 29
5.2. TOEGEVOEGDE WAARDE ............................................................................................. 30
5.3. HET BBP VAN BELGIË ..................................................................................................... 31
5.4. BEPERKINGEN VAN HET BBP ALS ECONOMISCHE MAATSTAF .......................... 32
5.5. HOE ZWAAR WEEGT DE OVERHEID? ................................................................................ 33
5.6. HERVERDELEN EN STIMULEREN ............................................................................... 33
5.7. BELASTINGEN EN WELVAART .................................................................................... 34
5.8. DE PUBLIEKE SCHULD................................................................................................... 37
5.9. EFFICIËNTIE VAN DE OVERHEID ....................................................................................... 39
6. GROEI EN ONGELIJKHEID.................................................................................................... 40
6.1. GROEI OP LANGE TERMIJN; DE GOLVEN VAN KONDRATIEFF ........................................ 40
6.2. GROEI = TOENAME ECONOMISCHE TRANSACTIES ........................................................... 41
6.3. VARIABELE GROEI OP KORTE TERMIJN ................................................................... 42
6.4. HOE VERKLAREN WE DE GROEI OP MIDDELLANGE TERMIJN? .......................... 43
6.5. HOE KAN ONZE ECONOMIE VERDER GROEIEN? ................................................... 47
6.6. IS ECONOMISCHE GROEI WENSELIJK?................................................................... 49
6.7. DE IMPACT VAN GROEI OP ONGELIJKHEID ............................................................ 51
6.8. ONGELIJKHEID IN BELGIË .................................................................................................. 55
6.9. PERSPECTIEVEN OVER ONGELIJKHEID .................................................................. 58
7. CONJUNCTUUR EN MACRO-ECONOMISCH BELEID ..................................................... 60
7.1. WAT IS GELD EN WAAROM GEBRUIKEN WE GELD? .............................................. 60
7.2. GELDCREATIE ......................................................................................................................... 60
BOX 6.2 IS JE GELD GOUD WAARD ........................................................................................ 60
7.3. DE WAARDE VAN GELD ................................................................................................. 60
7.4. INFLATIE ................................................................................................................................... 60
7.5. ECONOMISCHE FLUNCTUATIES OP KORTE TERMIJN .......................................... 60
7.6. VRAAG EN AANBOD VANUIT MACRO-ECONOMISCH PERSPECTIEF ................ 60
7.7. MACRO-ECONOMISCH BELEID OP KORTE TERMIJN............................................ 60
8. DE CRISIS ALS MINSKY-MOMENT ............................................................................................. 61
8.1. OP NAAR HET VOLGENDE MINSKY-MOMENT ......................................................... 62
8.2. BUBBELS ZONDER CHAMPAGNE ............................................................................... 64
8.3. INTERESTVOETEN EN BELEID .................................................................................... 66
8.4. INNOVATIE IN DE FINANCIËLE SECTOR ......................................................................... 67
8.5. ECONOMEN ZAGEN HET NIET AANKOMEN ............................................................. 68
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, 8.6. TOO BIG TO FAIL ............................................................................................................................. 69
8.7. HET IS OOK JOUW MARKT ...................................................................................................... 69
EXTRA 1 FILMLES “THE BIG SHORT” UITGELEGD.................................................... 69
9. BEDRIJVEN .........................................................................................................................................71
9.1. ONDERNEMING: VAN PROJECT NAAR JURIDISCHE REALITEIT........................................ 72
9.2. ONDERNEMINGEN VANDAAG .................................................................................................... 73
9.3. WAAROM ZIJN ER ONDERNEMINGEN? .................................................................................... 74
9.4. EIGENAARS, MANAGERS EN WERKNEMERS ......................................................................... 76
9.5. EEN BLIK OP ONDERNEMINGEN IN EUROPA ..................................................................... 77
9.6. DE DESTRUCTIEVE KANT VAN WINSTMAXIMALISATIE ....................................................... 78
9.7. OPBRENGSTEN, KOSTEN EN WINST ......................................................................................... 79
9.8. MODELLEREN VAN OPBRENGSTEN, KOSTEN EN WINST .................................................... 79
10. MARTKEN ............................................................................................................................... 79
10.1. MARKTMACHT ......................................................................................................................... 80
10.2. MARKTVORMEN: EEN OVERZICHT ............................................................................................80
10.3. PERFECTE CONCURRENTIE .........................................................................................................81
10.4. MONOPOLIE ..............................................................................................................................86
10.5. MONOPOLISTISCHE CONCURRENTIE: EEN INTUÎTIEVE COMBINATIE VAN PERFECTE
CONCURRENTIE EN MONOPOLIE ........................................................................................................... 90
10.6. STRATEGISCHE INTERACTIE TUSSEN BEDRIJVEN .............................................................. 92
10.7. MARKTMACHT EN PRIJSDISCRIMINATIE ................................................................................ 94
9.8 DAAROM ZIJN WE BEZORGD OVER CONCURRENTIE!.......................................................... 95
10 GLOBALISERING ..................................................................................................................................... 96
10.8 HANDEL = SAMENWERKING ....................................................................................................... 96
10.9 GLOBALISERING GEMETEN ........................................................................................................ 96
10.10 HOE VERKLAREN WE HANDELSSTROMEN? ........................................................................... 98
10.11 WELVAART DOOR HANDEL ...................................................................................................98
10.12 HANDELSBELEMMERINGEN EN HANDELSINTEGRATIE..................................................... 99
10.13 DE EUROPESE UNIE ................................................................................................................ 99
10.14 DE CHINA-SCHOK ............................................................................................................. 100
10.15 GLOBALISERING 2.0. .................................................................................................................. 100
10.16 MOBILITEIT VAN PRODUCTIEF KAPITAAL .............................................................................. 101
10.17 MIGRATIE ....................................................................................................................................................... 101
11 EXTERNE EFFECTEN EN DUURZAME ONTWIKKELING ............................................................... 102
11.8 NIEMAND IN DE COCKPIT VAN DE GLOBALE ECONOMIE? ................................................ 102
11.9 RIJKE PATIËNT ZOEKT LIFESTYLECOACH ............................................................................. 102
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11.10 MARKTFALEN EN BELEID............................................................................................ 103
, 11.11 NIEUWE MODELLEN ............................................................................................................105
11.12 DE PIGOUVIAANSE INTERNALISATIE ...........................................................................105
11.13 DUURZAME ONTWIKKELING ............................................................................................107
12 TECHNOLOGIE EN INNOVATIE .................................................................................................109
12.8 WIE MAAKT JOUW IPHONE? ...................................................................................... 109
12.9 MAZZUCATO EN DE OVERHEID ALS ONDERNEMER EN INNOVATOR ............. 109
12.10 DE SURFER EN DE GOLF .....................................................................................................110
12.11 SUPPLY-PUSH MEETS DEMAND-PULL .................................................................... 110
12.12 DISRUPTIE DOOR DIGITALISERING? ROBOTISERING EN AI? ...................................... 111
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