Summary
Samenvatting MIN06 Global health and infectious diseases (theme B , C and D)
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Summary of themes B, C and D of the minor global health and infectious diseases of Radboud University.
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2 reviews
By: jmjbrinkhof • 1 year ago
This summary only contains bullet points with terms, etc. Nothing is explained or explained. It contains many difficult terms that you then have to look up for yourself. Can be used as a guideline to know what else to figure out and what to understand, but nothing more.
By: relj • 4 year ago
Very handy overview of the most important concepts that were actually discussed in the mid-term,
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Summary MIN06 Global health theme B – theme DTheme B Diagnostics for disease control ................................................................................................ 2
Diagnosis of infectious diseases.......................................................................................................... 2
Pathogen barcoding ............................................................................................................................ 3
General information about viruses ..................................................................................................... 5
Virology ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Causality ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Theme C Immunology and vaccinology ................................................................................................ 12
Immunology ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Vaccine design .................................................................................................................................. 14
Immunological assays humoral ......................................................................................................... 17
Adjuvants .......................................................................................................................................... 21
Immunological assays cellular........................................................................................................... 23
Theme D Pathogenesis of infectious diseases & options for control ................................................... 26
Malaria .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Arboviruses ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Dengue .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Chikungunya.................................................................................................................................. 28
Tuberculosis ...................................................................................................................................... 29
HIV ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
1
, Theme B Diagnostics for disease control
Diagnosis of infectious diseases
• Key diagnostic tests
o Direct microscopy
o Culture
o Serology
o PCR/molecular tools
• Microscopy
o Low-tech, versatile, portable, fast (hours), low level of training, low cost
o Limited sensitivity and specificity
o Careful handling of chemicals needed
• Culture
o Required proper infrastructure, high level of training and many add-on tests
o Imposes risks, slow (days), high cost
o High sensitivity and high specificity
• Culture – susceptibility testing
o Another layer of complexity and cost
o Required specific infrastructure, additional training and strong standardization
o Two strategies
▪ Apply to individual patients
▪ Do surveys to guide empiric treatment
• Serology
o Detection of antigens or antibodies
o IgM in acute phase, IgG is convalescence phase
o More use in virology than in bacteriology
o Full interpretation requires multiple samples
• PCR/molecular tests
o Polymerase chain reaction amplifies DNA/RNA
o Detect specific trait or sequence variable stretch
o Conventional PCR
▪ Amplify the target gene
▪ Visualize the fragment on agarose gel → compare with controls
▪ Post processing
• Restriction enzymes to cut and analyse fragments
• Cut out amplicon for sequencing
o Real-time PCR (quantitative)
▪ It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR,
not at its end, as in conventional PCR
▪ Probe assays → if binding occurs, it triggers a colour reaction (band)
• Functions: identification, genotyping and drug resistance mutations
o Sanger sequencing
▪ DNA od target gene is amplified
▪ 4 separate reaction tubed → 1 per nucleotide
2
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