Samenvatting is compleet en alle aantekeningen uit de biochemie lessen van blok 1 uit semester 1 (2e jaar) zijn er in behandeld. Zelf hiermee een dikke voldoende gehaald. Veel afbeeldingen ter verduidelijking.
Zeker voor als je lessen volgt aan de HAN moet je het vak biochemie hiermee redden, aange...
Geen idee, aantekeningen en samenvatting van de behandelde onderdelen uit de les
November 18, 2020
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2019/2020
Summary
Subjects
biochemie
2e jaar
bml
metabolisme
metabole routes
citroenzuurcyclus
atp
adp
glycolyse
nadh
oxidatieve fosforylering
fotosynthese
gluconeogenese
glycogeen
pathway
samenvatting
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Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition by Nelson (complete, questions/answers/rationales) | Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition Nelson Test Bank
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Les 1: Metabole routes............................................................................................................................ 3
Isocitrate dehydrogenase .................................................................................................................... 3
Metabolisme ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Glycolyse.............................................................................................................................................. 4
Glycolyse proces: ................................................................................................................................. 6
Van pyruvaat naar Acetyl-CoA ............................................................................................................ 6
Sommige enzymen hebben co-enzymen nodig: ............................................................................. 7
Structuur van Coenzyme A: ............................................................................................................. 7
Citroenzuurcyclus ................................................................................................................................ 7
Één ronde van de CZC...................................................................................................................... 7
Lesdoel: ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Les 2: metabolisme II ............................................................................................................................. 10
Citroenzuurcyclus: ............................................................................................................................. 10
Ademhalingsketen en oxidatieve fosforylering................................................................................. 11
Reductie en oxidatie: ......................................................................................................................... 11
Oxidatie van koolstof:.................................................................................................................... 11
Wat is NAD(H)? .................................................................................................................................. 12
NADH, NADPH en FADH2 zijn elektronen dragers ............................................................................ 12
Geactiveerde carrier moleculen slaan energie op ............................................................................ 12
Elektronen-stroom in de ademhalingsketen ..................................................................................... 13
ATP-synthese gebruikt het elektrochemisch potentiaal ................................................................... 13
1 glucose geeft: ................................................................................................................................. 14
Lesdoelen: ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Les 3: Metabolische routes III................................................................................................................ 15
NADH, NADPH en FADH2 zijn elektron dragers ................................................................................. 16
Oxidatieve fosforylering .................................................................................................................... 17
ATP is een elektronen drager omdat de hydrolyse hiervan energetisch zeer gunstig is .................. 18
Redenen: ....................................................................................................................................... 18
........................................................................................................................................................... 18
Fotosynthese ..................................................................................................................................... 20
De lichtreactie: .............................................................................................................................. 21
De elektronen transfer is gekoppeld aan de proton-motive force ............................................... 21
Donkerreactie (Calvin Cycle): ........................................................................................................ 22
1
, Samenvatting fotosynthese: ............................................................................................................. 23
Les 4: metabolise routes IV ................................................................................................................... 24
Glycolyse en gluconeogenese ........................................................................................................... 24
Energievoorziening als er geen zuurstof beschikbaar is: .................................................................. 25
Anaerobe respiratie:...................................................................................................................... 25
Melkzuur fermentatie ................................................................................................................... 26
Ethanol fermentatie ...................................................................................................................... 26
Waarom wordt er melkzuur en ethanol geproduceerd? .............................................................. 26
Aerobische vs. Anaerobische metabolisme van glucose................................................................... 27
Rode en witte spiercellen .................................................................................................................. 28
Melkzuur in de spieren moet verwijderd worden............................................................................. 28
Cori-cyclus ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Les 5: metabolische routes IV ............................................................................................................... 30
Glycogeen .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Structuur van glycogeen .................................................................................................................... 30
Glycogeen synthese........................................................................................................................... 30
Afbraak van glycogeen ...................................................................................................................... 30
Metabolische bestemmingen van glycogeen .................................................................................... 31
Gehalte in het bloed over een bepaalde tijd:.................................................................................... 32
Metabole pathway voor glucose 6-fosfaat in de lever...................................................................... 33
Pentose fosfaat pathway (staat ook in afbeelding hierboven) ......................................................... 33
Er is pentose fosfaat pathway nodig bij: ....................................................................................... 33
Lipiden ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Classificatie van lipiden ................................................................................................................. 34
Vetzuren verschillen in … .............................................................................................................. 34
Vetten = triacylglycerol (triglyceride, TAG) ....................................................................................... 35
Niet oplosbaar in water, maar de oplossing: ................................................................................ 35
Chylomicrons ..................................................................................................................................... 36
LDL en HDL: de goede en slechte cholesterol ................................................................................... 37
Vetten worden gemobiliseerd wanneer metabole energie nodig is ................................................ 37
Degradatie van vetzuren ................................................................................................................... 38
Les 6: metabole routes VI ...................................................................................................................... 40
2
,Les 1: Metabole routes
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
• Wat doet het enzym?
o Belangrijk enzym in de citroenzuurcyclus. Zet isocitrate om tot α-
ketoglutarate
Wat is de rol van de citroenzuurcyclus?
Centrale metabole pathway
Anaërobe organismen hebben geen CZC. Er is zuurstof nodig voor de CZC.
Metabolisme
Metabolisme = katabolisme + anabolisme
Anabolisme = energie en bouwstenen naar verschillende moleculen waaruit een cel is
opgebouwd
Katabolisme = brandstof naar energie en bouwstenen
NADH wordt vooral gebruikt bij katabolisme.
NAPDH wordt vooral gebruikt bij anabolisme.
Ze zijn beide dragers van energie. Andere dragers van energie: ATP, FADH2
3
, Pathway Locatie
Glycolyse Cytosol
Omzetting pyruvaat naar Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria
Citroenzuurcyclus Mitochondria
Ademhalingsketen en oxidatieve Membraan van de mitochondria
fosforylering
Glycolyse
Glycolyse = de splitsing van glucose tot 2 pyruvaat moleculen
Er is nog een voorbereidende fase bij de glycolyse. Hier wordt twee ATP geïnvesteerd en dan
wordt er nog een fosfaatgroep aan toegevoegd. Anders kan de glucose de cel weer uit, nu zit
hij gevangen in de cel
4
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