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Samenvatting microbiologie 1 blok, Course 6 BM (2e jaar BML) $5.96   Add to cart

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Samenvatting microbiologie 1 blok, Course 6 BM (2e jaar BML)

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Samenvatting met alle aantekeningen, informatie en afbeeldingen van alle lessen microbiologie uit 1 blok samen. Dit blok wordt gegeven in 2e jaar BML, Course 6. Gebruikt op de HAN en hiermee een dikke voldoende gehaald voor het tentamen. ZIE OOK MIJN ANDERE SAMENVATTINGEN VAN VAKKEN BML.

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  • November 18, 2020
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MICROBIOLOGIE



Microbiologie

Inhoud
Microbiologie.........................................................................................................................................1
Les 1 – Microbiële diversiteit..................................................................................................................3
Aantal groepen micro-organismen:....................................................................................................4
Protisten.............................................................................................................................................4
Fungi (schimmels en gisten)...............................................................................................................4
Gisten.............................................................................................................................................4
Filamenteuze schimmels................................................................................................................5
Reproductie fungi...........................................................................................................................6
Fungi kan:.......................................................................................................................................7
Les 2 - Microbiële diversiteit 2................................................................................................................7
Bacteriën............................................................................................................................................8
Celwand..............................................................................................................................................8
Peptidoglycaan...............................................................................................................................8
Synthese van de peptidoglycaanlaag..............................................................................................9
Gramneg. Vs. grampos. Celwand......................................................................................................10
Grampositieve celwand................................................................................................................10
Gramnegatieve celwand...............................................................................................................10
Zuurvaste bacteriën......................................................................................................................11
Les 3 – Microbiële diversiteit 3.............................................................................................................11
Archaea................................................................................................................................................12
Archaeal celwand.............................................................................................................................12
Pseudomurein..............................................................................................................................12
Peptidoglycaan vs. pseudomurein................................................................................................12
S-layer...........................................................................................................................................13
Diversiteit van Archaea (2 soorten)..................................................................................................13
Haloarchaea..................................................................................................................................13
Methanogene archaea..................................................................................................................13
Virussen................................................................................................................................................13
Grootte virus.....................................................................................................................................14
Virion................................................................................................................................................14
Symmetrische structuren.................................................................................................................15
Belangrijk aan virussen.....................................................................................................................15


1

, MICROBIOLOGIE


Levenscyclus/replicatiecyclus van virus............................................................................................16
Culturing van virussen......................................................................................................................16
Temperate bacteriofagen.................................................................................................................16
Lytische pathway..........................................................................................................................16
Lysogene pathway........................................................................................................................17
Virus infectie in dierlijke cellen.........................................................................................................17
Les 4 – Symbiose, interactie.................................................................................................................17
Symbiose..............................................................................................................................................18
Plant als leefomgeving voor bacterie of schimmels..............................................................................18
Wortelknollen...................................................................................................................................18
Nod factors...................................................................................................................................20
Mycorrhizae......................................................................................................................................20
Agrobacterium..................................................................................................................................21
Les 5 – Humane microbiota..................................................................................................................23
Kolonisatie........................................................................................................................................25
Maagflora.........................................................................................................................................25
Onze voordelen van darmflora.........................................................................................................26
Microbiota in de darm heeft ook invloed met ziektes......................................................................27
Verstoringen van de humane microbiota.........................................................................................27
Pathogenese.....................................................................................................................................28
Les 6 – antimicrobiële middelen / antibiotische resistentie.................................................................32
Antimicrobiële middelen..................................................................................................................32
Antimicrobiële middelen..................................................................................................................32
Antivirale drugs.................................................................................................................................32
Antifungale drugs.............................................................................................................................32
Antibiotica........................................................................................................................................33
Les 7 – antimicrobiële resistentie.........................................................................................................35
B-lactam antibiotica..........................................................................................................................35
Vancomycine....................................................................................................................................35
Aangrijpingspunt: Eiwit synthese doelwit.........................................................................................36
Nucleïnezuursynthese aangrijpingspunt...........................................................................................37
Foliumzuur metabolisme..............................................................................................................37
Fluoroquinolones antibiotica........................................................................................................38
Bacterie membraan aangrijpingspunt..............................................................................................38
Combinatie antimicrobiële middelen...............................................................................................38
Antibiotica resistentie...........................................................................................................................38

2

, MICROBIOLOGIE


Verticale gene transfer.....................................................................................................................39
Horizontale gene transfer.................................................................................................................39
Oplossingen tegen resistentie..........................................................................................................39
Verspreiding van antibiotica resistentie...........................................................................................39




Les 1 – Microbiële diversiteit
 Bacteriën
 Archaea
 Eukarya

3

, MICROBIOLOGIE


o Gisten en schimmels (fungi)
o Algae = algen
o Protisten
 Virussen

Fylogenetische boom is een stamboom hoe verwant de 3 domeinen aan elkaar zijn. Deze
boom wordt gemaakt op basis van sequenties. Archaea en eukarya lijken qua genetische
inhoud meer op elkaar. Als het gaat om de structuur (wel/geen celkern etc.) dan lijken
archaea en bacteria meer op elkaar. Deze worden ook samen tot de prokaryoten genoemd.
Virussen zitten niet in de boom. Bij virussen zijn organellen en mitochondria afwezig, dus
mogen ze niet deelnemen aan de boom.

Aantal groepen micro-organismen:
Protisten
 Hele diverse groep (hieronder staan welke onder protisten vallen) van allerlei
eencellige eukaryoten, anders dan gisten en algen.
 Veel parasieten vallen hieronder (veroorzaken vaak infecties)
o Trichomonas vaginalis – SOA
o Trypanosoma brucei – sleeping sickness
o Plasmodium – malaria
o Toxoplasma – toxoplasmosis
 Diatomeeën
o Soort van plankton in zoet of zout water
o Ze hebben hele kleine skeletjes/celwanden van silica. Als ze sterven blijven de
skeletjes over. Dit zijn mooie figuren.
 Oomyceten
o Phytophtora infestans
o Plant pathogeen
o Aardappelplanten kunnen verwelken
 Amoebozoa
o Hun cellen kunnen uitstulpingen maken (pseudopodia). Hierdoor kunnen ze
een soort rollende beweging maken. Het cytoplasma rolt dan naar voren 
beweging.
 Slijm schimmels
o De eencellige klompjes gaan naar elkaar toe en hier komen ze bij elkaar tot
vruchtlichaam. Hier moeten sommige cellen door voor gaan. De sporen van
de dode cellen zorgen voor sporen die nieuwe cellen kunnen vormen.
o Aggregatie, migratie en de vorming van vruchtlichaam.

Fungi (schimmels en gisten)
 Gisten zijn eencellig en groeien door cel divisie
 Schimmels zijn meercellig en hier groeien de filamenten
 Het zijn eukaryote organismen met celwand

Gisten
 Eencellig

4

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