Samenvatting met alle aantekeningen, informatie en afbeeldingen van alle lessen humane biologie uit 1 blok. Dit blok wordt gegeven in jaar 2, Course 6 BM.
Met deze samenvatting haal je zeker een voldoende voor de tentamens.
ZIE OOK MIJN ANDERE SAMENVATTINGEN VOOR VAKKEN BML.
Inhoud
Humane biology............................................................................................................................ 1
Les 1 – Epitheelweefsel ................................................................................................................. 4
Epitheel .................................................................................................................................... 4
Types epitheelweefsel............................................................................................................ 4
Kenmerken............................................................................................................................ 4
Functies ................................................................................................................................ 5
Basaal membraan...................................................................................................................... 5
Verbindingen tussen cellen ........................................................................................................ 5
Tight junctions....................................................................................................................... 6
Desmososoom....................................................................................................................... 7
Gap junctions ........................................................................................................................ 7
Cytoskelet................................................................................................................................. 7
Cell oppervlakte specialisaties → apicaal................................................................................. 8
Klieren (glands) ......................................................................................................................... 9
Ontwikkeling van exocriene en endocriene klieren .................................................................. 9
Exocriene klieren – secretie ...................................................................................................10
Vernieuwing van het epitheelweefsel ........................................................................................10
Link tussen HPV en cervicale kanker (baarmoederhalskanker).....................................................10
Les 2 – Bindweefsels.....................................................................................................................11
Soorten bindweefsel:................................................................................................................12
Kenmerken bindweefsel: ..........................................................................................................12
Functie bindweefsel: ................................................................................................................12
Types bindweefsel....................................................................................................................12
Normaal bindweefsel ............................................................................................................13
Cellen in het normale bindweefsel .........................................................................................13
Extracellulaire matrix in normaal bindweefsel ........................................................................14
Gespecialiseerde bindweefsel................................................................................................15
Les 3 – spierweefsel .....................................................................................................................19
3 soorten spierweefsel:.............................................................................................................20
Spierweefsel algemeen.............................................................................................................20
Skelet spier weefsel..................................................................................................................20
Opbouw van skelet spier .......................................................................................................21
1
, HUMANE BIOLOGIE
Opbouw van een skeletspiervezel (cel)...................................................................................21
Fibers van de skeletspier .......................................................................................................22
Hart spierweefsel .....................................................................................................................23
Gladde spiercellen....................................................................................................................24
Les 4 – zenuwweefsel...................................................................................................................26
Zenuwweefsel..........................................................................................................................26
Cellen van het zenuwweefsel ....................................................................................................26
Zenuwimpuls/actiepotentiaal....................................................................................................27
Synaps .................................................................................................................................27
Cellen van het zenuwstelsel ......................................................................................................28
Centrale zenuwstelsel...............................................................................................................29
Perifere zenuwstelsel ...............................................................................................................30
Perifere zenuwen..................................................................................................................30
Neurale plasticiteit en regeneratie ............................................................................................31
Les 5 – Urinary system..................................................................................................................32
Nieren en urinewegen ..............................................................................................................32
Nier .........................................................................................................................................32
Functie van het urinesysteem ...................................................................................................32
Opbouw van een nier ...............................................................................................................33
Nierlichaampje (renal corpuscle) ...............................................................................................33
Cellen van nierlichaampje:.....................................................................................................33
Glomerulus...........................................................................................................................33
Proximale tubulus.................................................................................................................34
Lis van Henle ........................................................................................................................35
Distale tubulus......................................................................................................................35
Collecting ducts (verzamelbuizen) ..........................................................................................36
PAS kleuring.............................................................................................................................36
Wisselwerking bloed → filtraat/urine ....................................................................................36
Route van filtratie/urine ...........................................................................................................36
Ureters.................................................................................................................................37
Blaas ....................................................................................................................................37
Uretha..................................................................................................................................37
Les 6 – Spijsvertering....................................................................................................................38
Spijsverteringskanaal................................................................................................................38
Algemene opbouw spijsverteringskanaal ...................................................................................38
Mondholte...............................................................................................................................38
2
, HUMANE BIOLOGIE
Oesofagus................................................................................................................................39
Maag .......................................................................................................................................39
Dunne darm.............................................................................................................................40
Duodenum ...........................................................................................................................40
Lever .......................................................................................................................................41
Jejunum en ileum..................................................................................................................42
Dikke darm ..............................................................................................................................42
3
, HUMANE BIOLOGIE
Les 1 – Epitheelweefsel
Waarom vergeet je iets wat je geleerd hebt snel en fietsen niet?
• In de spieren zitten memory-cells. Daarom kun je altijd blijven fietsen. De
geheugencellen in de spieren worden die bewegingen opgeslagen.
• Als je 3x iets herhaalt, gaat het van de kleine hersenen naar de grote hersenen.
• Je moet iets leren en dan rusten. Leren, slaap, leren, slaap etc.
• Na het leren moet er niet veel chaos zijn, dan wordt het te druk (mobiel, kroeg)
Boek: Junqueira’s basic histology – hetzelfde als bij histology (is om te verdiepen)
Voor de toets: alle PP-slides kennen en snappen.
Epitheelweefsel: hoofdstuk 4 in het boek
Epitheel
Epitheelcellen zitten altijd op het basaal membraan. Het zit hierop zolang het hechting
heeft.
Een tumor wordt dodelijk als de epitheelcellen door het basaal membraan gaat. Dan is het
invasief. Het komt in de bloedbaan en kan verspreiden.
Kenmerken
• Cellen zitten dicht tegen elkaar gebonden
• Orientatie: apicaal → basaal
o Apicaal: bovenste laag
4
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