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samenvatting Bank en verzekering 16/20
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Samenvatting eerste jaar Artevelde Bank en Verzekeringen. 16/20 op examen. Academiejaar 21-22. Volledig zelfgemaakt. Geïnspireerd op boek powerpoints.
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Bank & verzekeringenInhoudsopgave
Quiz............................................................................................................................................................... 7
Hoofdstuk 1: Het Belgisch financiewezen....................................................................................................... 9
1. Financiële sector in brede zin (p19)..................................................................................................................9
1.1 Kredietinstellingen (= KI)............................................................................................................................9
1.2 Participatiemaatschappijen.....................................................................................................................11
1.2.1 Investeringsbanken (-fondsen) of zakenbanken..................................................................................11
1.2.2 Holdingmaatschappijen of houdstermaatschappijen..........................................................................12
1.3 Beleggingsondernemingen......................................................................................................................12
1.4 Institutionele beleggers...........................................................................................................................13
2. Betalingsinstellingen en instellingen voor elektronisch geld.........................................................................13
3. Monetaire overheid........................................................................................................................................14
3.1 ECB, ESCB en het eurosysteem................................................................................................................14
3.2 NBB..........................................................................................................................................................14
4. Controleorganen............................................................................................................................................14
4.1 ECB/ESFS..................................................................................................................................................14
4.2 NBB..........................................................................................................................................................14
4.3 FSMA........................................................................................................................................................14
4.4 Federale overheidsdiensten (=FOD) financiën........................................................................................15
4.5 Hoge raad van financiën (HRF)................................................................................................................15
4.6 Federale overheidsdiensten economie, KMO, middenstand en energie................................................15
4.7 Cel voor financiële informatieverschaffing (CFI).....................................................................................15
4.8 Privacycommissie.....................................................................................................................................16
5 Centrales..........................................................................................................................................................16
5.1 Centrale voor kredieten aan ondernemingen (CKO)...............................................................................16
5.2 Centrale voor kredieten aan particulieren (CKP).....................................................................................16
5.3 Centraal aanspreekpunt (CAP)................................................................................................................17
6 Beroepsverenigingen en overlegorganen.......................................................................................................17
6.1 Belgische federatie van het financiewezen (Febelfin).............................................................................17
6.2 Assuralia...................................................................................................................................................18
7 Ombudsdiensten.............................................................................................................................................18
7.1 Ombudsfin...............................................................................................................................................18
7.2 Ombudsman van de verzekeringen.........................................................................................................18
8 Garantiefonds voor financiële diensten..........................................................................................................18
8.1 Omschrijving............................................................................................................................................18
8.2 Beschermingsregeling..............................................................................................................................18
8.3 Samenwerking met andere Belgische en Europese fondsen..................................................................19
9 Bemiddelaars of tussenpersonen....................................................................................................................19
9.1 Bemiddelaar in bank- en beleggingsdiensten..........................................................................................19
9.2 (Neven)verzekeringstussenpersonen......................................................................................................20
9.3 Kredietgever en kredietbemiddelaars.....................................................................................................20
10 Andere instelling............................................................................................................................................20
1
,Hoofdstuk 2: KI en intermediatie.................................................................................................................. 20
2.1 Financiële intermediatie...............................................................................................................................20
2.1.1 omschrijving..........................................................................................................................................20
2.1.2 Schematische voorstelling....................................................................................................................21
2.1.3 Toegevoegde waarde...........................................................................................................................21
2.1.4 Transformatie of omzetting..................................................................................................................22
2.1.5 Risico’s..................................................................................................................................................22
2.2 Resultatenrekening van een bank................................................................................................................23
2.2.1 Schematische voorstelling....................................................................................................................23
2.2.2 resultaten van de banken voor de periode (1993 – 2016)...................................................................23
2.3 Balans van een bank....................................................................................................................................23
2.3.1 Schematische voorstelling....................................................................................................................23
2.4 Tendenzen in de financiële sector................................................................................................................23
2.4.1 Branchevervaging.................................................................................................................................23
2.4.2 Desintermediatie..................................................................................................................................24
2.4.3 Effectisering..........................................................................................................................................24
2.4.7 Krediet- en bankencrisis.......................................................................................................................24
2.4.8 Kostenefficiëntie...................................................................................................................................24
2.4.9 Digitalisering.........................................................................................................................................24
2.4.10 Maatschappelijk verantwoord ondernemen (MVO)..........................................................................24
2.4.11 Blockchain...........................................................................................................................................25
2.4.12 Fintech................................................................................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 3: KI en betalingen...................................................................................................................... 25
3.1 Evolutie van betaalmiddelen........................................................................................................................25
3.2 Chartaal geld................................................................................................................................................25
3.2.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................25
3.2.2 Voordelen.............................................................................................................................................26
3.2.3 Nadelen.................................................................................................................................................26
3.2.4 Cashverbod...........................................................................................................................................26
3.3 Giraal geld....................................................................................................................................................26
3.4 Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA)...............................................................................................................26
3.4.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................26
3.4.2 IBAN......................................................................................................................................................27
3.4.3 BIC.........................................................................................................................................................27
3.4.4 SEPA credit transfer (SCT).....................................................................................................................27
3.4.5 SEPA direct debet (SDD).......................................................................................................................27
3.4.6 Betaalkaarten........................................................................................................................................27
3.5 Payment services directive (PSD).................................................................................................................28
3.5.1 PSD 1.....................................................................................................................................................28
3.5.2 PSD 2.....................................................................................................................................................28
3.6 Zichtrekening................................................................................................................................................28
3.6.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................28
3.6.2 Werking.................................................................................................................................................29
3.6.3 Valutering.............................................................................................................................................29
3.6.4 Rekeningafschriften..............................................................................................................................29
3.6.5 Kosten...................................................................................................................................................29
3.6.6 Extra diensten.......................................................................................................................................30
3.7 Overschrijving...............................................................................................................................................30
3.7.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................30
3.7.2 Europese overschrijving (SCT)..............................................................................................................30
3.7.3 Transfers voor terugkerende betalingen..............................................................................................30
2
, 3.8 Cheque..........................................................................................................................................................31
3.9 Debetkaart...................................................................................................................................................31
3.9.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................31
3.9.2 Verlies of diefstal..................................................................................................................................31
3.9.3 Functies.................................................................................................................................................31
3.9.4 Kostprijs................................................................................................................................................32
3.10 Kredietkaart...............................................................................................................................................32
3.10.1 Omschrijving.......................................................................................................................................32
3.10.2 Krediet................................................................................................................................................32
3.10.3 Aanbod................................................................................................................................................32
3.10.4 Kostprijs..............................................................................................................................................32
3.10.5 Betaling en afhaling............................................................................................................................32
3.11 Prepaidkaart...............................................................................................................................................32
3.11.1 Omschrijving.......................................................................................................................................32
3.12 Payconiq.....................................................................................................................................................33
3.13 Digitaal geld: bitcoin..................................................................................................................................33
3.14 Elektronisch bankieren...............................................................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 4: KI en diensten......................................................................................................................... 33
4.1 Algemeen.....................................................................................................................................................33
4.1.1 Balans- en buitenbalansactiviteiten.....................................................................................................33
4.1.2 Belang van niet-rente-inkomsten.........................................................................................................33
4.1.3 Overzicht van de ‘andere’ verrichtingen..............................................................................................34
4.2 Bankverzekeringen.......................................................................................................................................34
4.3 Wisselverrichtingen......................................................................................................................................34
4.3.1 Vreemde valuta en wisselkoers............................................................................................................34
4.3.2 Wisseltransactie....................................................................................................................................34
4.3.3 Wisselkosten.........................................................................................................................................34
4.3.4 Wisselrisico...........................................................................................................................................34
4.4 Verhuur van safes.........................................................................................................................................34
4.4.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................34
4.4.2 Toegang................................................................................................................................................34
4.4.3 Overlijden van de huurder....................................................................................................................34
4.5 Slapende rekening........................................................................................................................................35
4.6 Nalatenschapsdossier..................................................................................................................................35
4.6.1 Overlijden van bankklant......................................................................................................................35
4.6.2 Akte van erfopvolging...........................................................................................................................35
4.6.3 Kostprijs................................................................................................................................................35
4.7 Diensten op de kapitaalmarkt......................................................................................................................35
4.7.1 Primair..................................................................................................................................................35
4.7.2 Secundair..............................................................................................................................................35
4.8 Effectenrekening..........................................................................................................................................35
4.8.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................35
4.8.2 Kosten...................................................................................................................................................35
4.8.3 Effectentaks..........................................................................................................................................35
4.9 Private banking............................................................................................................................................36
4.9.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................36
4.9.2 Soorten contracten...............................................................................................................................36
4.9.3 Soorten beheerders..............................................................................................................................36
4.9.4 Kostprijs................................................................................................................................................36
3
, 4.9.5 Doelgroep.............................................................................................................................................36
4.10 Adviesverlening aan ondernemingen.........................................................................................................36
4.11 Crowdfundingplatform...............................................................................................................................36
4.12 Bemiddelen bij leasingcontracten..............................................................................................................36
4.13 Bemiddelen bij factoring............................................................................................................................37
4.14 Logistieke steun internationale handel......................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 5: KI en financieel toezicht........................................................................................................... 37
5.1 Hervorming bankwezen...............................................................................................................................37
5.2 Tendenzen in de volgende decennia............................................................................................................38
5.3 Vernieuwingen in regulatie en controle.......................................................................................................38
5.3.1 Hervorming wetgeving effectenverhandeling (1990)..........................................................................38
5.3.2 Twin-peaks model.................................................................................................................................39
5.3.3 Creatie Europese bankenunie..............................................................................................................39
5.3.4 MIFID I en MIFID II (Zie H6)...................................................................................................................39
Hoofdstuk 6: start to invest.......................................................................................................................... 40
6.1 Financiële basiskennis..................................................................................................................................40
6.2 Liquide buffer: een must...............................................................................................................................40
6.3 Ken jezelf, bepaal belegginsprofiel...............................................................................................................41
6.3.1 Algemeen..............................................................................................................................................41
6.3.2 MIFID I...................................................................................................................................................41
6.3.3 Assurmifid.............................................................................................................................................42
6.3.4 MIFID II..................................................................................................................................................42
6.4 Bekijk de productfiches en vergelijk.............................................................................................................42
6.4.1 Belegginshorizon en looptijd................................................................................................................42
6.4.2 Liquiditeit..............................................................................................................................................42
6.4.3 Opbrengst en rendement.....................................................................................................................42
6.4.4 Risico.....................................................................................................................................................42
6.4.5 Kosten...................................................................................................................................................43
6.4.6 Belastingen en taksen...........................................................................................................................43
6.4.7 Minimumlage........................................................................................................................................43
6.4.8 Periodiciteit interestuitkering...............................................................................................................43
6.4.9 Uitgifteprijs...........................................................................................................................................43
6.4.10 Successie en erfbelasting....................................................................................................................43
6.4.11 Opvolging............................................................................................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 7: risicoloze spaarproducten........................................................................................................ 44
7.1 Spaarrekening..............................................................................................................................................44
7.1.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................44
7.1.2 Gereglementeerde spaarrekening........................................................................................................45
7.1.3 Concurrenten........................................................................................................................................46
7.1.4 Beleggersprofiel....................................................................................................................................46
7.2 Termijndeposito...........................................................................................................................................46
7.2.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................46
7.2.2 Beleggersprofiel....................................................................................................................................47
7.3 Kasbon..........................................................................................................................................................47
7.3.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................47
7.3.2 Vervroegde terugbetaling.....................................................................................................................47
7.3.3 Soorten.................................................................................................................................................47
4
, 7.3.4 Beleggersprofiel....................................................................................................................................47
7.3.5 concurrenten kasbon............................................................................................................................48
Hoofdstuk 8: Aandelen................................................................................................................................ 48
8.1 Omschrijving.................................................................................................................................................48
8.2 Soorten.........................................................................................................................................................49
8.3 Indeling op basis van koersevolutie.............................................................................................................49
8.4 Aandelenmarkten.........................................................................................................................................49
8.5 Beursorder....................................................................................................................................................50
8.5.1 Inhoud...................................................................................................................................................50
8.5.2 Soorten.................................................................................................................................................50
8.5.3 Geldigheidsduur....................................................................................................................................50
8.6 Beurskosten..................................................................................................................................................51
8.6.1 Makelaarsloon......................................................................................................................................51
8.6.2 Taks op beursverrichting (TOB)............................................................................................................51
8.6.3 Bewaarloon...........................................................................................................................................51
8.7 Rendement...................................................................................................................................................51
8.7.1 Dividend................................................................................................................................................51
8.7.2 Meerwaarde.........................................................................................................................................51
8.7.3 Return...................................................................................................................................................51
8.8 Verrichtingen op aandelen...........................................................................................................................51
8.10 Tips voor beginners....................................................................................................................................52
8.11 Beursindexen..............................................................................................................................................52
Hoofdstuk 9: obligaties................................................................................................................................ 53
9.1 Omschrijving.................................................................................................................................................53
9.2 Obligatiemarkten.........................................................................................................................................53
9.2.1 Primaire markt......................................................................................................................................54
9.2.2 Secundaire markt..................................................................................................................................54
9.3 Risico’s..........................................................................................................................................................54
9.4 Opbrengst.....................................................................................................................................................54
9.5 Rendement...................................................................................................................................................55
9.5.1 Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................55
9.5.2 Couponrendement...............................................................................................................................55
9.5.3 Actuarieel rendement...........................................................................................................................55
9.6 Pro en contra................................................................................................................................................55
9.7 Beleggersprofiel...........................................................................................................................................55
9.8 Soorten.........................................................................................................................................................55
9.8.1 Indeling naargelang nationaliteit..........................................................................................................55
9.8.2 Indeling naargeling emittent................................................................................................................55
9.8.3 Indeling naargelang waarborgen..........................................................................................................56
9.8.4 Indeling naargelang opbrengst.............................................................................................................56
9.8.5 Indeling naargelang terugbetalingswijze..............................................................................................56
9.8.6 Equity linked bonds..............................................................................................................................56
9.9 Staatsobligaties............................................................................................................................................56
9.9.1 Lineaire obligaties (OLO’s)....................................................................................................................56
9.9.2 Staatsbons............................................................................................................................................56
5
, 9.10 Obligaties versus aandelen........................................................................................................................57
9.10.1 Voor de emittent................................................................................................................................57
9.10.2 Voor de belegger................................................................................................................................57
9.10.3 Tabel...................................................................................................................................................58
Hoofdstuk 10: Fondsen, trackers en tak 23................................................................................................... 58
10.1 Omschrijving...............................................................................................................................................58
10.2 Schematische voorstelling..........................................................................................................................59
10.3 Belangrijkste reglementering.....................................................................................................................59
10.3.1 Maart 1957: voorlopige regeling........................................................................................................59
10.3.2 December 1990: ingrijpende verandering..........................................................................................59
10.4 Soorten fondsen.........................................................................................................................................60
10.4.1 Indeling op basis van juridische structuur..........................................................................................60
10.4.2 Indeling op basis van beleggingsstrategie..........................................................................................60
10.4.3 Indeling op basis van uitkering of kapitalisatie..................................................................................61
10.5 Essentiële begrippen..................................................................................................................................61
10.6 Fiscale behandeling....................................................................................................................................62
10.6.1 Roerende voorheffing.........................................................................................................................62
10.6.2 Beurstaks............................................................................................................................................62
10.7 Voordelen...................................................................................................................................................62
10.8 Nadelen......................................................................................................................................................62
10.9 Belgische fondsenmarkt.............................................................................................................................63
10.9.1 Distributiekanalen..............................................................................................................................63
10.9.2 Open architectuur...............................................................................................................................63
10.10 Speciale vormen van collectieve belegging..............................................................................................63
10.10.1 Pensioenspaarfondsen.....................................................................................................................63
10.2 Tak 23-producten.......................................................................................................................................64
10.3 Trackers......................................................................................................................................................64
Hoofdstuk 11: KI en kredieten...................................................................................................................... 65
11.1 Bankkrediet................................................................................................................................................65
11.2 Particuliere kredieten.................................................................................................................................65
11.3 Wetgeving..................................................................................................................................................66
11.4 Solvabiliteitsonderzoek..............................................................................................................................66
11.5 Kredietcontract...........................................................................................................................................66
11.6 Consumentenkrediet..................................................................................................................................66
11.6.1 Omschrijving.......................................................................................................................................66
11.6.2 WER.....................................................................................................................................................66
11.6.3 Soorten...............................................................................................................................................67
11.7 Hypothecair krediet....................................................................................................................................68
11.7.1 Omschrijving.......................................................................................................................................68
11.7.2 Hypotheek als waarborg.....................................................................................................................68
11.7.3 Contractueel verplichte verzekeringen..............................................................................................68
11.7.4 Leningbedrag......................................................................................................................................68
11.7.5 WER.....................................................................................................................................................68
11.7.6 Rentevoetbepalende factoren............................................................................................................69
11.7.7 Diverse woonkredietformules............................................................................................................69
11.7.8 Aflossingsmethoden...........................................................................................................................69
6
, 11.7.9 Vervroegde terugbetaling en herfinanciering....................................................................................70
11.7.10 Woonbonus......................................................................................................................................70
Hoofdstuk 12: Verzekeren............................................................................................................................ 70
12.1 Indeling van het verzekeringsbedrijf..........................................................................................................70
12.2 Wet verzekeringen april 2014....................................................................................................................70
12.2.1 Situering..............................................................................................................................................70
12.2.2 Algemeen............................................................................................................................................71
12.2.3 Structuur.............................................................................................................................................71
12.2.4 Verzekeringscontract..........................................................................................................................71
12.2.5 Verplichtingen verzekeringsnemer.....................................................................................................72
12.2.6 Totstandkomming van het verzekeringscontract...............................................................................72
12.2.7 Looptijd verzekeringscontract............................................................................................................72
12.2.8 Stopzetting..........................................................................................................................................72
12.3 Distributie...................................................................................................................................................73
12.3.1 Distributiekanalen..............................................................................................................................73
12.3.2 Marktaandelen...................................................................................................................................73
12.4 Enkele interessante organisaties................................................................................................................73
12.5 Niet te kennen............................................................................................................................................73
12.6 Faillissement verzekeringsmaatschappij...................................................................................................74
Hoofdstuk 13: Overzicht verzekeringsproducten..........................................................................................74
13.1 Indeling van de verzekeringen...................................................................................................................74
13.1.1 Indeling op basis van al dan niet verplicht.........................................................................................74
13.1.2 Indeling op basis van wettelijke bepalingen.......................................................................................75
13.2 Schadeverzekeringen: aansprakelijkheidsverzekeringen...........................................................................75
13.2.1 Familiale verzekering..........................................................................................................................75
13.2.2 Burgerlijke aansprakelijkheid BA auto................................................................................................76
12.2.3 Beroepsaansprakelijkheidsverzekering (BAV)....................................................................................77
13.2.4 BA uitbating........................................................................................................................................77
13.2.5 BA Bestuurder.....................................................................................................................................77
13.2.6 Cyberpolis...........................................................................................................................................77
13.3 Schadeverzekeringen: zaakverzekeringsovereenkomsten.........................................................................77
13.3.1 Woningverzekering.............................................................................................................................77
13.3.2 Omniumverzekering...........................................................................................................................78
13.3.3 Reisverzekering...................................................................................................................................78
13.3.4 Niet kennen........................................................................................................................................78
13.3.5 Niet kennen........................................................................................................................................78
13.3.6 Kredietverzekering..............................................................................................................................78
13.3.7 Transportverzekering..........................................................................................................................79
13.4 Schadeverzekeringen: rechtsbijstandsverzekeringen................................................................................79
13.5 Persoonverzekeringen: levensverzekeringen.............................................................................................79
Quiz
1. Basisrentevoet op spaarrekening is 0,01% bij meeste banken
- Kapitaal moet altijd een jaar blijven staan, nooit afhalen
- Inflatie: alles wordt duurder, geld wordt minder waard (p309)
- Inflatie (2%) en basisrente (0,01%) komen niet overeen
7
, - Geldillusie: niet reëel denken over de waarde van geld, geen rekening houden
met de inflatie
2. Basisrentevoet op spaarrekening is wettelijk geregeld. Wet zegt dat die 0,01% het
minimum is. (p323)
- Gereglementeerde spaarrekening: minimum 0,01%
- Niet-gereglementeerde spaarrekening: geen minimum want sommige banken
geven 0%
3. Particulier met betalingsachterstand kan nog krediet krijgen zolang de achterstand
minder dan €1000,00 achterstaat. (p56,57)
- In België: 350.000 particulieren met betalingsachterstand van lening
- De bank kan nog krediet verschaffen bij achterstand onder €1000,00, maar moet
motiveren waarom deze werd verleend. (p57)
- CKP: centrale voor kredieten aan particulieren (p55)
o Iedereen in België die bij een bank een krediet aangaat wordt in die
centrale geregistreerd
o Toegang: (p56)
Kredietverleners (banken) kunnen in CKP kijken bij een aanvraag
voor een krediet. Bij deze aanvraag moet de bank verplicht kijken
hoeveel leningen er openstaan en hoeveel betalingsachterstand er
is.
Consument/klant
Schuldbemiddelaars
Advocaten
Notarissen
Controle-instanties
4. Gentse VDK Bank staat op de lijst van NBB (Nationale Bank van België) ingeschreven
onder de rubriek spaarbank
- 3 rubrieken:
o Bank: KBC
o Spaarbank
o Effectenbank
5. Spaarder heeft in totaal €90.000 staan bij KBC (zicht- en spaarrekening). Ook een
termijnrekening van €50.000 en een effectenrekening van 3 kasbons van elk €10.000.
Als KBC failliet gaat, ontvangt hij €90.000.
- Tot €100.000 krijg je terug bij faillissement door samenwerking van KBC en de
staat (P66)
- Banken betalen aan garantiefonds indien faillissement plaatsvindt
- Garantiefonds en de staat betalen cliënten van bank uit tot €100.000 bij
faillissement
6. Als de rentevoet op primaire staatsbons stijgt, dan
8
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