Essay Unit 4 - Development Through the Life Stages Task 3 P4 P5 M2 M3 D2
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Course
Unit 4 - Development Through the Life Stages
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
This assignment has achieved a distinction overall. The criteria discussed include P4: 2 theories of ageing, M2: Discuss 2 theories of ageing in relation to the development of the individual, D2: evaluate the influence of 2 major theories of ageing on health and social care provision, P5: explain t...
P4: 2 theories of ageing
DISENGAGEMENT THEORY
Disengagement theory was formulated by Elaine Cumming and
Henry in 1961 and it states the process of disengagement from
social life that people experience as they age and become
elderly, this means that elderly people withdraw from the social
roles and relationships that were central to their life in
adulthood. This process is necessary and beneficial to society,
as it allows the social system to remain stable and ordered.
Cummings and Henry created nine postulates to support the
theory of disengagement.
1. People lose social ties to those around them because they
expect death, and their abilities to interact with others
deteriorate over time.
2. When individuals reduce their interactions with societal
networks, there are fewer constraints placed on them to
behave in a certain way. This freedom feels liberating to
the individual, which encourages it to continue happening.
3. The disengagement process for men and women differs
due to their different social roles.
4. Age-grading allows for younger individuals to take over
from older individuals in knowledge- and skill-based
positions in society. This suggests older adults will step
aside to the younger adults through the retirement
process, which inspires disengagement, rather than
seeking power, the ego of an older evolves to hunt out
personal enjoyment.
5. Complete disengagement happens when both the
individual and society are ready for this to occur. A
disjunction between the two will occur when one is ready
but not the other.
6. People who have disengaged adopt new social roles so as
not to suffer a crisis of identity or become demoralized.
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