Samenvatting van het boek 'Introduction to the philosophy of the management sciences' voor het vak wetenschapsfilosofie aan de RSM, Erasmus University Rotterdam. Deze samenvatting is in het engels/nederlands geschreven en omvat alle leerstof uit het boek die nodig is om het tentamen te maken. Samen...
Samenvatting Boek Wetenschapsfilosofie
1e jaar/Pre-master Bedrijfskunde
Vak code: BK1207
Oktober 2020
Student: Gilles Rijk - 579000
Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus
University
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: ‘Why philosophy of science?’ 3
Introductie 3
5 eigenschappen van wetenschappelijke kennis 3
2 Misconceptions regarding the methods of the management sciences: 3
The good reason model of truth 3
Idealism versus realism 5
Kantian idealism: reality not in our mind but pre-shaped by our mind 5
Sophism and fallacies 5
Hoofdstuk 2: ‘Observation, Theoretical knowledge and paradigms’ 6
Introduction 6
Enlightenment as the source of rationalism and empiricism 6
Enlightenment as the source of rationalism and empiricism 7
The induction problem 7
The correspondence model and the coherence model of truth 7
The standard model of sciences 8
Popper’s critical rationalism 8
Scientific paradigms and scientific revolutions 9
Hoofdstuk 3: ‘Explaining and understanding at the micro level: actors and agents’ 10
Level and nature of analysis in the social sciences 10
Hermeneutics 10
Rational choice theory 10
Agents and actors 11
Hoofdstuk 4: ‘Explaining and understanding at the macro level: ‘systems and social meaning’ 11
Introduction 11
System theory: functional explanations 12
A functionalist explanation of crime 12
Two problems of functional explanation 12
Symbolic interactionism 12
Following rules: normativity presupposes fallibility 12
, Hoofdstuk 1: ‘Why philosophy of science?’
Introductie
Philosophy of science: discipline that questions the pretences of the natural and social
sciences. Basic question: why is scientific knowledge more trustworthy than everyday
knowledge?
Management studies (Type of social studies): management sciences study people
individually or collectively, organisational forms & ways of management.
Differences between scientific knowledge and everyday knowledge:
1. Science is generalizable because it wants to explain and understand phenomena. It does
not say anything about specific examples.
2. Scientific knowledge can be tested and scrutinized
trustworthiness of scientific results requires controllability and controllability requires
repeatability.
5 eigenschappen van wetenschappelijke kennis
1. Generalisability
2. Controllability (transparant en herhaalbaar)
3. Objectivity (onafhankelijk)
4. Used methods are valid and accepted
5. Parsimony à The simplest explanation that explains the greatest number of observations
is preferred to more complex explanations.
à Er zijn echter limieten aan simpliciteit verbonden. Moeilijkere zaken zullen nou eenmaal
minder makkelijk uit te leggen zijn dan makkelijke zaken zonder fouten te maken.
Knowledge consists in justified true belief
2 Misconceptions regarding the methods of the management sciences:
1. Only empirical research is scientific à Without thorough conceptual analysis and
understanding, there is no scientific research. Therefore, careful reasoning is as important as
adequate observation.
2. Scientific knowledge is only descriptive, never prescriptive or normative à scientists
want to know the truth, both in a factual sense and in a normative sense
The good reason model of truth
Good reason model of truth: a claim is true if it is supported by the balance of reasons, if the
reasons in favour outweigh the reasons against the claim.
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