workshop 2: questioning
Research is a systematic, rigorous, and organized effort to investigate a specific problem
that needs a solution
applied research (mostly in organizations) basic research
- applied - conceptual
- solutions to problem - general knowledge
- organizational value - societal value
a research question should be concise, unambiguous, researchable, clear, says what the
issue or problem is that you study. what you want to explore, desire, explain or evaluate.
examples of research questions:
- descriptive: to describe what
- exploratory: to explore what
- explanatory: to explain why or to research the relation between variables
- evaluative: to evaluate the effect of a program or intervention
, Research philosphy = a system of beliefs and assumptions about how we develop
knowledge
- 5 major philosophies:
1. positivism (quantitative):
- believe that there is one true observable reality
- observable and measurable facts
- researchers are neutral and maintain objective distance
2. interpretivism (qualitative):
- reality is complex and there are multiple interpretations of it
- focus on perceptions and interpretations
- researchers are part of what is researched, research is subjective
3. pragmatism:
- reality is the practical consequence of ideas
- concepts are only relevant when they support action. practical outcomes instead of
abstract distinctions.
- research is initiated and sustained by researchers’ beliefs.
4. critical realism
5. post modernism
a theory is a coherent set of ideas. A good theory is able to accurately explain and predict
phenomena. (so: how you think something works)
hypothesis (aanname): a logical implication of a theory which we can test. ´if the theory is
true, what would be expected to happen/observe.
plausible theory → inference to the best explanation
● Examples:
○ Deductive research (logical and true)
■ Theory: Deborah and Tim will stay together
■ Hypotheses: when presented with a seducer, Tim will stay faithful to
Deborah
■ Collection of data: Tim spends the night with Cherish
■ Conclusion: hypothesis is false
○ Inductive research (specific observations)
■ Collection of data (observations): Kevin cheats on Megan 100 times
■ Theory: Kevin is not to be trusted
○ Abductive research (imcomplete observation → likiest explanation)
■ Theory/ surprising fact: if I do X, then the competitor will fall for me
■ Collection of data (observations): worked/ did not work
■ Theory/ surprising fact: if I do Y, then the competitor will fall for me
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller gitteslegers. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.77. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.