Course: Health Health Determinants and the EU - Summary of all cases
EU law: Directives and Regulation, Articles TEU & TFEU, crossborder patient rights
History of Public health
EU & EU institutions
Health, Health Determinants and the EU (EPH1021)
All documents for this subject (6)
3
reviews
By: sarahikpi • 3 year ago
By: kristelraal • 3 year ago
By: diazkam03 • 3 year ago
Seller
Follow
laural1
Reviews received
Content preview
EPH1021 Health, Health Determinants and the EU
Cases and Lectures
Case 1: Are you healthy?
Historical development of health:
- People always defined health and differ between healthy and sick
- Ancient: to achieve good health balance between wood, fire, water, earth, metal,
god)
- Aristoteles: Eudaimonia (final goal) = complete happiness
not static state; development until full potential
- Hippocrates: first one that also include physical examination to find the cause of
feeling unhealthy
four humors: black bile (earth), yellow bile (fire), phlegm (water), blood (air)
- balance to achieve a healthy state; importance of diet
- Galenus: six lifestyle factors to keep the balance and be healthy
food/ drink
sleep/ awake
light/ air
secretions/ excretions
Emotion
- 1543: Vesalius started studying anatomy (cutting bodies)
- 1628: Harvey: found system of blood and circulation
- 1858: Virchow theory on cellular pathology
Definitions of health:
WHO (1948): ‘state of complete physical, mental and social well-being’
Criticism:
- ‘complete well-being’: nearly impossible to achieve
- Very unclear: not useful in real situations
- Too broad
- Increasing of medicalization of society
- Well-being ≠ health
- People with disabilities = unhealthy
- It’s more a political statement
Huber (2014): ‘Health as the ability to adapt and self-manage, in light of the physical,
emotional and social challenges of life’
Positive definition
6 health dimensions to measure health well-being:
1) Body functions
2) Mental functions
1
,EPH1021 Health, Health Determinants and the EU
3) Spiritual dimension
4) Quality of life
5) Social participation
6) Daily functioning
Criticism:
- Ambiguity: health is a complex and dynamic concept <-> reduction to six dimensions
- Confusion: health <-> behaviour
- No implementation strategy: no changes, just focuses on the individual and not on
the surroundings (patients, caregiver, administrations, industry and policy makers)
- Difficult to measure it
9 features of a definition of health:
Health must be beyond the:
1) Absence of diseases or infirmities and the biophysical parameters
2) Capability
3) Dynamic process
4) Potentially achievable for everyone in real life
5) Malaise & well-being
6) Health is both individual & social
7) Must be independent of moral and ethical discourse
8) Health based on persons priorities
9) Operational and measurable by indicators
New potential definition of health: ‘health is the capability to react to all kinds of
environmental events having the desired emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses
and avoiding those undesirable ones’
Biomedical Model Biopsychosocial Model (Engel – 1977)
- Focus is on illness, not health - 3 categories: biological,
- Single-factor cause of illness rather psychological and social factors
than contributory factors - Multifactional: many causes
- Explains illness by simplest possible many effects
process - Integrative medicine: whole body
- People not responsible for illness - Peoples behaviour influences health
- Considers the absence of disease as
physical wellness
- Prevention and quality of life is not
included
Criticism Biopsychosocial Model:
2
, EPH1021 Health, Health Determinants and the EU
- Overarching
- Lacks specific content, too general and vague
- Lacks scientific validity and philosophical coherence
Lay perspective on Health and Illness Professionals Perspective on Health and
Illness
- Focusing on illness and disease - Also focuses on social and
- Illness comes form the external psychological dimensions
world - Diseases are also caused by our own
- 3 main social representations of way of living
health Unhealthy life habits
Health in a vacuum = absence of environment
illness
Reserve of health = associated with
person’s resistance
Health as equilibrium = positive
state of well-being
- State external causes (germs,
viruses, infections)
Commers:
Clinical Phenomena labelled as health - Europeans say that health is:
- Having no physical symptoms
- Seldom or never needing medication
- Having no contagious diseases Clinical PLAH are mostly measurable
- Having no chronic pain
- Not having to go to the doctor often
Positive Phenomena labelled as health – Europeans say that health is:
- Feeling comfortable in and with my body
- Feeling mentally strong
- Having a feeling of balance
Positive PLAH are mostly
- Feeling happy
unmeasurable
- Being able to do what you want to do
- To achieve health, need to listen to people (patients, intervention groups,
communities, populations) about what is wanted in specific circumstances to
determine specific public health objectives
- Problem: some determinants are inaccessible
many reasons that people delay or avoid healthcare
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller laural1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.65. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.