Health Promotion And Disease Prevention (AM_470811)
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Book
Epidemiology in Public Health Practice
Summary of the material from the lectures, including summary of the articles and book chapters accompanied by figures and examples. Including exams of practice questions.
Lecture 2 – Hearing Problems ........................................................................................................................... 8
Key points ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Facts ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Causal factors for hearing impairments ............................................................................................................. 9
Consequences of hearing impairment ................................................................................................................ 9
Take home messages ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Reasons for low use and satisfaction of hearing aids....................................................................................... 12
Technical & practical ................................................................................................................................... 12
Psychosocial................................................................................................................................................. 12
Take home message .................................................................................................................................... 13
Conclusion Predictors of entering a hearing aid evaluation period: a prospective study in older hearing-help
seekers .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
Lecture 3 – Upstream determinants of lifestyle behaviours and chronic disease risk ..................................... 15
Key points ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
What are upstream determinants .................................................................................................................... 17
Social environment ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Obesogenic environments ................................................................................................................................ 18
Challenges in upstream research ..................................................................................................................... 19
1. Acknowledging complexity ................................................................................................................ 19
2. Understanding the system ................................................................................................................. 19
3. Changing (parts of) the system/implementing an intervention within a system .............................. 20
4. Evaluating impact ............................................................................................................................... 20
Upstream research needs: ................................................................................................................................ 20
What’s next? .................................................................................................................................................... 21
Article The upstream determinants of adult obesity ........................................................................................ 21
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Lecture 4 – Community action: a transdisciplinary approach to health promotion ......................................... 24
Key points ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Community approach ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Why community approach? ........................................................................................................................ 27
Aim of community action research ............................................................................................................. 28
Transdisciplinary research ................................................................................................................................ 28
Case ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Background ...................................................................................................................................................... 30
Community ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
Community participation .................................................................................................................................. 31
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, Methods for action research ....................................................................................................................... 32
Social network approach .................................................................................................................................. 32
Intersectoral collaboration .......................................................................................................................... 33
Challenges in community action....................................................................................................................... 33
Document The community approach to health education intervention .......................................................... 33
Community approach .................................................................................................................................. 34
Ecological levels ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Working or community organisation principles .......................................................................................... 36
Community project organisation ................................................................................................................. 38
Summary and discussion ............................................................................................................................. 39
Lecture 5 – Quality of life ............................................................................................................................... 41
Key points ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Learning objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 44
Quality of Life (QoL) .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Fundaments ................................................................................................................................................. 45
Related concepts/terms .............................................................................................................................. 46
QoL outcomes .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Facts ............................................................................................................................................................. 46
Why should we measure QoL? .................................................................................................................... 47
How to measure QoL? ................................................................................................................................. 47
Examples ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
Types of QoL questionnaires/measures ............................................................................................................ 48
1. Generic ............................................................................................................................................... 48
2. Disease-specific .................................................................................................................................. 48
Main advantages of using valid, reliable and responsive QoL questionnaire(s) ......................................... 49
Choosing an instrument – checklist .................................................................................................................. 49
Barriers for using QoL questionnaires ......................................................................................................... 49
Article What is quality of life? .......................................................................................................................... 50
Core components of multidimensional HRQoL assessment ........................................................................ 50
Ways HRQoL can improve patient care ....................................................................................................... 50
Examples of well-regarded HRQoL instruments .......................................................................................... 51
Barriers to using PROs in a research setting or clinical setting .................................................................... 51
Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................. 51
Lecture 6 – Green spaces and health .............................................................................................................. 52
Key points ......................................................................................................................................................... 53
Learning objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Green space and health .................................................................................................................................... 54
Do people with green space in their environment feel healthier? ............................................................. 54
Mechanism behind the relation between green space and health .................................................................. 55
1. Reducing stress-levels ........................................................................................................................ 55
2. Increasing social contacts .................................................................................................................. 56
3. Increasing physical activity................................................................................................................. 56
4. Improved development of children ................................................................................................... 56
5. Improves micro climate ..................................................................................................................... 56
6. Healthier food/diet ............................................................................................................................ 57
Interventions green spaces ............................................................................................................................... 57
Article Nature and health ................................................................................................................................. 57
Pathways through which contact with nature relates to health ................................................................. 58
Lecture 6 – Evaluation .................................................................................................................................... 60
Key points ......................................................................................................................................................... 61
Learning objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 65
Evaluation......................................................................................................................................................... 65
What is evaluation ....................................................................................................................................... 65
Why evaluate? ............................................................................................................................................. 65
An evaluation plan includes......................................................................................................................... 65
2 types of evaluation ................................................................................................................................... 66
RE-AIM Framework .......................................................................................................................................... 68
R – Reach ..................................................................................................................................................... 68
E – Effectiveness .......................................................................................................................................... 68
A – Adoption ................................................................................................................................................ 68
I – Implementation ...................................................................................................................................... 69
M – Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................ 69
GRADE .............................................................................................................................................................. 69
Factors that lower the quality of evidence .................................................................................................. 69
Article Evaluating the impact of health promotion programs: using the RE-AIM framework to form summary
measures for decision making involving complex issues .................................................................................. 70
Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 70
Chapter Develop an evaluation program ......................................................................................................... 71
Key messages ............................................................................................................................................... 71
1. Research integrity .............................................................................................................................. 72
2. Observed change ............................................................................................................................... 72
3. Internal validity .................................................................................................................................. 72
4. Effect explanation .............................................................................................................................. 72
5. Cost-benefit........................................................................................................................................ 73
1. Applicability........................................................................................................................................ 73
2. Generalisability .................................................................................................................................. 73
Designs......................................................................................................................................................... 73
Threats to internal validity .......................................................................................................................... 74
Alternative designs ...................................................................................................................................... 76
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 78
Lecture 8 – Economic evaluations .................................................................................................................. 80
Key points ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
Economic evaluations ....................................................................................................................................... 83
Types of economic evaluations ......................................................................................................................... 84
1. Cost-effectiveness analysis ................................................................................................................ 84
2. Cost-utility analysis ............................................................................................................................ 84
3. Cost-benefit analysis .......................................................................................................................... 84
4. Cost-minimization analysis................................................................................................................. 84
Steps of an economic evaluation ...................................................................................................................... 84
1. Identification of the perspective ........................................................................................................ 85
2. Identification of the alternatives ....................................................................................................... 85
3. Identification, measurement and valuation of effects ...................................................................... 85
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