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Summary Grade 12 IEB Physical Sciences - Organic Chemistry Notes (Chemistry Section G) $4.46   Add to cart

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Summary Grade 12 IEB Physical Sciences - Organic Chemistry Notes (Chemistry Section G)

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Covers the various sections relating to Organic Chemistry - All functional groups, Naming and Reactions as per the IEB Physical Sciences SAG. Includes notes from the textbook, as well as additional class, video and research information, diagrams and practice questions. Applicable to all IEB Grad...

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  • December 22, 2020
  • 43
  • 2020/2021
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By: gerritcleroux • 3 year ago

Spelling and unwilling to fix it before final exams in November to where I do not need the notes for afterwards.

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Organic chemistry
= will have C, H, O, some N, some F
Exception: CO2
Non-metals = molecules (IMFs involved)

Functional group
= is an atom or group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule.
E.g. C bonded to -O-H = alcohols
C bonded to -Br = alkyl halide
E.g. Ethanol




Hydrocarbon
= is a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
E.g. crude oil (fossil fuels)

Homologous series
= is a series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and same general
formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit.
Example: Alcohols

1. Methanol
Molecular formula: CH4O
Semi structural formula: CH3OH




2. Ethanol
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2OH

, 3. Propan-1-ol
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH2OH




General formula: CnH2n+1
Same functional group Homologous series
Differ by a single CH2

Carbon
Element number 6
Symbol: C


p
2 s

1 s



Hybridization



p
2 s

1 s




= tetrahedral in shape

,Prefixes in organic nomenclature (naming)

1 Mono
2 Di
3 Tri
4 Tetra
5 Penta
6 Hexa
7 Hepta
8 Octa

Root names in organic nomenclature (naming)
= tells us how long the longest continuous carbon chain is

1 Meth
2 Eth
3 Prop
4 But
5 Pent
6 Hex
7 Hept
8 Oct

, Alkanes
“Ane”
= hydrocarbons with only Carbon Carbon single bonds
General formula: CnH2n+2

1. Methane
Molecular formula: CH4
Structural formula:




2. Ethane
Molecular formula: C2H6
Semi structural formula: CH3CH3
Structural formula:




3. Propane
Molecular formula: C3H8
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH3
Structural formula:




4. Butane
Molecular formula: C4H10
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH2CH3
Structural formula:

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