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Summary of the serotnergic pathway under all different conditions
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Summary of the serotnergic pathway under all different conditions
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In your own words, explain how synaptic communication by the Serotonin neurotransmitter worksin an individual with a normal functioning system. Discuss the different components involved by
referring to contributing genes and functionality.
Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) is present in vesicles within the presynaptic neuron. Stimulus
causes the release (via exocytosis) of the serotonin into the synaptic cleft. Serotonin can then bind to
the heteroreceptors HTR2A (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A) on the postsynaptic neuron, which
passes the message along (signal transduction). Serotonin can also bind to the autoreceptors HTR1B
on the presynaptic neuron, signalling the cell to stop exocytosis and thereby inhibiting the message.
Excess serotonin is taken back up by SERT (Serotonin Transporter) into the presynaptic neuron and
put back into the vesicles (revesiculation) by the proton pump VMAT2 (Vesicular Monoamine
Transporter 2) to be used again or serotonin is reuptaken in the glia cell by SERT and broken down
(metabolised) by MAOA (Monoamine Oxidase A).
In your own words, explain how synaptic communication by the Serotonin neurotransmitter works
in an individual with an abnormal functioning system. Discuss the different components involved
by referring to contributing genes and functionality.
Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) is present in vesicles within the presynaptic neuron. Stimulus
causes the release (via exocytosis) of the serotonin into the synaptic cleft. In a normal functioning
system, serotonin can then bind to the heteroreceptors HTR2A (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A)
on the postsynaptic neuron, which passes the message along (signal transduction). Serotonin can
also bind to the autoreceptors HTR1B on the presynaptic neuron, signalling the cell to stop
exocytosis and thereby inhibiting the message. In a system where there is an excess of transporters
(LL genotype at the HTTLPR polymorphic region) these two steps do not occur, only the following
two steps occur (they also occur in a normal functioning system).
Excess serotonin is taken back up by SERT (Serotonin Transporter) into the presynaptic neuron and
put back into the vesicles (revesiculation) by the proton pump VMAT2 (Vesicular Monoamine
Transporter 2) to be used again or serotonin is reuptaken in the glia cell by SERT and broken down
(metabolised) by MAOA (Monoamine Oxidase A).
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