Complete en duidelijke aantekeningen van alle colleges van het vak Transport Geography. Bevat ook informatie/samenvatting van alle artikelen die gelezen moeten worden per college (dikgedrukt aangegeven met auteur en jaartal). Heb zelf een 8,7 voor dit tentamen gehaald door alleen dit document te le...
L1: 10-11-2020 An introduction to the course
Marco Helbich
• significance of transport; since beginning of human history there was an urge for mobility
↪ economic development, industrial development, social & cultural development
• Why do we travel? Theoretical perspectives
↪
↪ travel as constrained behaviour (capability, authority, coupling constraints)
↪ travel as an outcome of personal decisions (utility maximization) (utility; how good/nice it is)
• Core components
↪ modes
↪ conveyances (vehicles) used to move passengers of freight
↪ mobile elements of transportation
↪ infrastructures
↪ physical support of transport modes (routes and terminals)
↪ fixed elements of transportation
↪ networks
↪ system of linked locations (nodes)
↪ functional and spatial organization of transportation
↪ flows
↪ movements of people, freight and information over their network
↪ flows have origins, intermediary locations and destinations
• What influences travel decisions
↪ Individual, household and trip characteristics / purposes
↪ Environmental characteristics (at the origin, en-route, destination)
↪ Personal experiences
• Transport and its societal and environmental impact
↪ positive effects
↪ access to services (hospital)
↪ freedom to move
↪ global space / time convergence; we spend less time to move faster
↪ negative effects
↪ noises (Schiphol), road safety → economic impact (house values) and healt impacts
↪ land-use patterns; people live outside the core city because of the increased mobility
↪ dominated by a single land use (no mixed land use → people need to travel longer
for other functions like shopping or working)
↪ car emissions, smog, accidents
1
,Conclusion
• transport is one of the most important human activities
• significance of transportation is still growing
• changing travel patterns and choices
↪ increased complexity
↪ individualization and diversification
• Resulting challenges → Health impacts, climate change, congestion
2
, L2: 12-11-2020 Theoretical Perspectives on Travel and Transportation
Dick Ettema
Part 1; effect of urban form on travel
• different travel patterns in different geographical contexts
↪ locations of facilities and options to get there are different per place / city / country
↪ options; time geography
↪ choices; random utility choice theory
• How urban forms influences travel
↪ Needs and opportunities (reasons for travel)
↪ Locations and resistance (constraints)
↪ Choices that people make
Needs and opportunities
↪ Chapin; to understand how cities and travel functions, you need to understand how activities take
place (the roles that we play in society)
↪ activities (and travel) driven by needs, motivations, roles, opportunities (may change over time)
↪ trips are derived from activities
↪ needs for activity change → travel changes
↪ trends that influence need for travel
↪ economic growth → increased car use
↪ (female) labour force participation (more income in the household)
↪ people get higher education → specialised jobs → moving to other places for job
↪ social networks scattered (because of moving to other cities for jobs)
↪ lifestyle differentiation
↪ ICT/technology, demographic transition, ethnic composition
↪ leisure travel because; more free time, increasing income levels, leisure consumption to define
your lifestyle (going to other cities for leisure), ‘experience economy’
Locations and options (constraints) (time geography)
• Hägerstrand 1970; time geography; individuals follow a path through space and time, but
someone’s needs and wants can be limited by constraints
↪ capacity constraints; sleep, eating, speed vehicles, you can only be at one place at a time)
↪ coupling constraints; e.g. you have to be at work, so you can’t be somewhere else)
↪ bundles of paths → people are interdependent (onderling afhankelijk)
↪ authority constraints; places not accessible, or only by invitation, payment ect. (hierarchy)
↪ fixed activities serve as anchors (you can’t leave home because you have to take care of your
family) (a walker can cover less distance then a driver)
• Kwan; collected data about activities from people on a day → defines areas that people cover in a
certain time
↪ people have access to certain facilities → place these layers of different persons on top of each
other (total of facilities people have access to) → access to facilities differ per person
3
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