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Cursus Geschiedenis van de Middeleeuwen (4sp, met alle informatie algemeen gedeelte) KULeuven

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Het is een cursus met alle informatie van Geschiedenis van de Middeleeuwen voor 4 studiepunten. (Capita selecta voor 6sp niet) Het heeft een zeer duidelijke en uitgebreide inhoudstafel met mooie onderverdelingen van hoofdstukken. Het document is perfect opgesteld om af te printen.

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  • December 31, 2020
  • 177
  • 2020/2021
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2  reviews

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By: bertpeeters27 • 2 year ago

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The most complete summary I've come across so far

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By: gerardrose • 3 year ago

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Geschiedenis van
de middeleeuwen
(4sp)
Dr. Ortwin Huysmans
2020

Margot Vandenbroucke

,Inhoud 2

,Inhoudstafel
Inhoud..................................................................................................................................................11
Wat zijn de Middeleeuwen?.................................................................................................................13
Renaissance en humanisme.............................................................................................................13
De Verlichting (18e E)........................................................................................................................13
Beeld in de negentiende eeuw.........................................................................................................14
Moderne geschiedwetenschap.........................................................................................................14
Afbakening........................................................................................................................................15
Van Romeinse provincies naar barbaarse rijken...................................................................................17
1. De transformatie van het Rijk.......................................................................................................17
1.0 Inleiding: de val van Rome?....................................................................................................17
1.1 Interne en externe (in)stabiliteit.............................................................................................19
1.1.1 Vroege keizertijd (27 v.C.-235).........................................................................................19
1.1.2 De derde-eeuwse crisis (235-284)....................................................................................19
1.1.3 Diocletianus en Constantijn (284-337).............................................................................20
1.1.4 Het laatantieke Rijk (337-476).........................................................................................22
1.2 Bestuurlijke transformatie......................................................................................................23
1.2.1 Vroege keizertijd (27 v.C.- 235)........................................................................................23
1.2.2 De derde-eeuwse crisis (235-284)....................................................................................24
1.2.3 Het laatantieke Rijk (337-476).........................................................................................25
1.3 Socio-economische transformatie..........................................................................................25
1.3.1 Vroege keizertijd (27 v.C.-235).........................................................................................25
1.3.2 De derde-eeuwse crisis (235-284)....................................................................................26
1.3.3 Het laatantieke Rijk (337-476).........................................................................................26
1.4 Conclusie.................................................................................................................................26
2. De ‘Barbaarse’ volksverhuizingen.................................................................................................27
2.1 Definitie en afbakening...........................................................................................................27
2.1.1 Migratie? Invasie? Verhuis?.............................................................................................27
2.1.2 Barbaren? Volkeren? Germanen?....................................................................................27
2.1.3 Periodisering....................................................................................................................28
2.2 Verklaringsmodellen...............................................................................................................29
2.2.1 Externe factoren (Hunnen als katalysator voor plotse exogene shock)...........................29
2.2.2 Interne factoren (Transformatie van het Rijk en gewijzigde interacties met barbaren). .31
2.3 De crisis aan de westgrens (ca. 380-420)................................................................................32
2.3.1 Noordoostelijke periferie: de Rijn....................................................................................32



Inhoud 3

, 2.3.2 Zuidoostelijke periferie: de Donau...................................................................................33
2.3.3 Noordelijke periferie: Brittannia......................................................................................34
3. Resultaat: breuk of continuïteit?..................................................................................................35
3.1 Theorieën................................................................................................................................35
3.2 Van provincies naar koninkrijken/ Romeins bestuur na de keizers.........................................35
3.2.1 Geromaniseerde adel in de provincies.............................................................................35
3.2.2 Het verdwijnen van de ‘Romeinen’..................................................................................36
3.3 Rome en Italië na de keizers...................................................................................................37
3.3.1 Het einde van het keizerrijk?...........................................................................................37
4. Conclusie......................................................................................................................................37
Economie en samenleving in de vroege middeleeuwen.......................................................................38
1. De rurale samenleving..................................................................................................................39
1.1 Setting the scene: algemene kenmerken................................................................................39
1.1.1 Regionalisme en localisme...............................................................................................39
1.1.2 Klimaat.............................................................................................................................39
1.1.3 Demografie......................................................................................................................40
1.2 Ontwikkeling in de landbouweconomie.................................................................................40
1.2.1 Laatantieke en vroegmiddeleeuwse crisis (ca. 250-650)..................................................40
1.2.2 Groei van de landbouweconomie vanaf ca. 650..............................................................41
1.3 Rurale bewoning.....................................................................................................................42
1.3.1 De laatantieke villae.........................................................................................................42
1.3.2 Vroegmiddeleeuwse dorpsstructuren.............................................................................43
1.4 Land en lordship.....................................................................................................................43
1.4.1 Lordship en sociale relaties..............................................................................................44
1.4.2 Vrij en onvrij.....................................................................................................................44
1.4.3 De organisatie van de landbouweconomie......................................................................46
2. Handel en nijverheid.....................................................................................................................47
2.1 Inleiding: uitwisseling en specialisatie....................................................................................47
2.2 Lokaal en interregionaal niveau..............................................................................................49
2.2.1 Nijverheid........................................................................................................................49
2.2.2 Handel..............................................................................................................................50
2.3 Langeafstandshandel..............................................................................................................50
2.3.1 Bloei (tot ca. 400).............................................................................................................50
2.3.2 Terugval (ca. 400-650).....................................................................................................51
2.3.3 Heropleving (ca. 650-1000)..............................................................................................51
2.3.3.1 Bloei Noordzee-handel (vanaf 7e eeuw)....................................................................51


Inhoud 4

, 2.3.3.2 Impact Noormannen (9e-10e eeuw)..........................................................................52
2.3.3.3 Bloei mediterrane handel (vanaf 9 e eeuw)................................................................53
3. Conclusie......................................................................................................................................53
De barbaarse ‘successor-states’...........................................................................................................54
1. Componenten van politieke macht in vroegmiddeleeuwse rijken................................................55
1.1 Romeinse component (bestuur, fiscaliteit, machtsidiomen, publieke cultuur,…)...................55
1.1.1 Scheiding tussen burgers en soldaten..............................................................................56
1.1.2 Rechtspraak.....................................................................................................................56
1.1.3 Fiscaliteit..........................................................................................................................57
1.1.4 Machtsidiomen................................................................................................................57
1.1.5 Publieke cultuur...............................................................................................................58
1.2 ‘Barbaarse’ component (militaire dominantie, patronage, assembly politics)........................58
1.2.1 Militaire dominantie en patronage..................................................................................58
1.2.2 Assembly politics.............................................................................................................59
1.3 Christelijke component (bekeringen, christelijke koningschap)..............................................59
1.3.1 Koninklijke bekeringen.....................................................................................................59
1.3.2 Christelijke koningschap..................................................................................................60
2. Casus: Brittannia: Angelen, Saksen, Juten, Britten en Noormannen.............................................61
2.1 De ‘Dark Ages’ en de heptarchie.............................................................................................61
2.2 De opmars van Wessex en de Noormannen...........................................................................63
2.3 Eenheid en ondergang............................................................................................................64
2.3.1 Zwakte.............................................................................................................................64
2.3.2 Het Noordzeerijk van Knoet (r. 1014-1042).....................................................................65
3. Casus: Gallië: Franken, Bourgondiërs, Alemannen en Visigoten...................................................65
3.1 De opmars van de Franken.....................................................................................................65
3.2 Koning en aristocratie.............................................................................................................67
3.2.1 Rijksdelingen....................................................................................................................67
3.2.2 Regicentrisme en patronage............................................................................................67
3.3 Deelrijken en hofmeiers..........................................................................................................68
3.4 Crisis en ‘vadsige’ koningen (673-751)....................................................................................69
3.4.1 De ‘vadsige’ koningen?....................................................................................................69
3.4.2 Factiestrijd.......................................................................................................................69
4. Conclusie......................................................................................................................................70
De Karolingische rijken.........................................................................................................................72
1. Van hofmeiers tot keizers.............................................................................................................73
1.1 Hofmeiers van Austrasië en Neustrië.....................................................................................73


Inhoud 5

, 1.2 Koningen van het Frankische Rijk...........................................................................................74
1.3 De claim op het keizerschap...................................................................................................76
2. De uitbreiding van de Frankische hegemonie...............................................................................78
2.1 Aquitanië, Alemannië, Beieren...............................................................................................79
2.2 Het Longobardische Rijk.........................................................................................................81
2.3 Avaren, Friezen, Saksen..........................................................................................................81
3. Het Karolingische bestuur.............................................................................................................84
3.1 Centralistisch of regicentrisch?...............................................................................................85
3.2 Zes elementen van eenheid....................................................................................................86
3.3 Moreel-religieuze ambities.....................................................................................................88
4. Rijksdelingen en transformatie.....................................................................................................91
4.1 Einde van de Karolingische eenheid?......................................................................................92
4.1.1 Het verdrag van Verdun (843)..........................................................................................93
4.1.2 Einde ‘middenrijk’ (tot 870).............................................................................................94
4.1.3 Impact?............................................................................................................................95
4.2 Invallers aan de grenzen/ externe invallers............................................................................95
4.3 De adel als centrifugale kracht................................................................................................99
5. De Post-Karolingische dynastieën...............................................................................................101
5.1 Oost-Francië: de Ottonen.....................................................................................................102
5.2 West-Francië: de Capetingen................................................................................................104
6. Conclusie....................................................................................................................................105
De opmars van Kerk en Christendom (ca. 300-1000).........................................................................106
1. Christianisatie in het Westen......................................................................................................106
1.1 Verspreiding in het Romeinse Rijk........................................................................................108
1.1.1 Top-down model............................................................................................................108
1.1.2 Bottom-up model...........................................................................................................110
1.2 Post-imperiale verspreiding..................................................................................................111
1.2.1 Top-down model............................................................................................................111
1.2.2 Bottom-up model...........................................................................................................113
1.3 Conclusie...............................................................................................................................113
2. Een kerk in lekenhanden?...........................................................................................................114
2.1 De oppermacht in de christenheid.......................................................................................114
2.1.1 Laatantieke keizerrijk.....................................................................................................114
2.1.2 Post-imperiale vorsten...................................................................................................115
2.1.3 De (post-)Karolingische keizers......................................................................................116
2.1.4 Het pausschap................................................................................................................117


Inhoud 6

, 2.2 Bisschop en clerus.................................................................................................................118
2.2.1 Ontstaan van de kerkelijke hiërarchie...........................................................................118
2.2.2 Inkomsten en grootgrondbezit......................................................................................120
2.2.3 Een clerus in lekenhanden?...........................................................................................120
2.3 De monastieke wereld.........................................................................................................121
2.3.1 Het vroege monasticisme..............................................................................................122
2.3.2 Regulering, stabilisatie en integratie..............................................................................123
2.3.3 De opmars van de Benedictijnen...................................................................................124
2.3.4 De kloosterwereld in lekenhanden?..............................................................................125
2.4 Conclusie...............................................................................................................................126
Economie en samenleving in de hoge en late middeleeuwen (ca. 1000-1500)..................................128
1. Landbouw en rurale samenleving...............................................................................................130
1.1 Groei van de landbouweconomie.........................................................................................130
1.1.1 Efficiëntere landbouwtechniek?....................................................................................131
1.1.2 Uitbreiding landbouwareaal?........................................................................................132
1.2 Commercialisatie in de rurale economie..............................................................................133
1.3 La seigneurie banale.............................................................................................................133
1.4 Crisis en nasleep (1300-1500)...............................................................................................135
2. Stedelijke ontwikkeling...............................................................................................................139
2.1 Verstedelijking van Europa?.................................................................................................139
2.2 Ontstaan van stedelijk bestuur.............................................................................................140
2.3 Economische centra..............................................................................................................141
3. Handel en nijverheid...................................................................................................................142
3.1 Bloei van de nijverheid.........................................................................................................142
3.2 De “Commerciële Revolutie”................................................................................................143
3.3 Hubs en hotspots..................................................................................................................144
4. Conclusie....................................................................................................................................145
Staatsvorming en heerlijkheden (ca. 1000-1350)...............................................................................146
1. Algemene trends........................................................................................................................147
1.0 Inleiding................................................................................................................................147
1.1 Ambtenarij............................................................................................................................148
1.2 Rechtsstelsel.........................................................................................................................149
1.3 Fiscaliteit...............................................................................................................................149
1.4 Communicatie en informatie................................................................................................150
1.5 Einde van de “Assembly Politics”?........................................................................................151
2. De opmars van de Capetingen....................................................................................................151


Inhoud 7

, 2.1 De vroege Capetingen (987-1008)........................................................................................151
2.2 Consolidatie van het kroondomein.......................................................................................152
2.2.1 Militaire consolidatie.....................................................................................................152
2.2.2 Huwelijkspolitiek............................................................................................................152
2.2.3 Steun aan steden...........................................................................................................153
2.2.4 Militaire expansie..........................................................................................................153
2.3 Uitbouw ambtenarij..............................................................................................................154
2.4 Lodewijk IX en Filips IV..........................................................................................................155
2.4.1 Lodewijk IX de Heilige....................................................................................................155
2.4.2 Filips IV de Schone.........................................................................................................155
3. Engeland: centralisatie en verzet................................................................................................157
3.1 Normandisch Engeland.........................................................................................................157
3.1.1 De Normandische verovering........................................................................................157
3.1.2 Bestuurlijke vernieuwing...............................................................................................160
3.2 The Anarchy en het Angevijnse Rijk......................................................................................160
3.2.1 ‘The Anarchy’ (1135-1154).............................................................................................160
3.2.2 Hendrik II (r. 1154-1190)................................................................................................161
3.3 Magna Carta en Barons’ Wars..............................................................................................161
3.3.1 Magna Carta (1215).......................................................................................................161
3.3.2 Het oligarische model....................................................................................................162
3.4 Edward I ‘Longshanks’..........................................................................................................163
4. Conclusie....................................................................................................................................164
Een kerk in hervorming?.....................................................................................................................166
1. Monastieke vernieuwing............................................................................................................167
1.1 Monastieke hervorming........................................................................................................167
1.2 De invloed van Cluny............................................................................................................168
1.3 De orde van Cîteaux..............................................................................................................169
1.4 De kluizenaarsbeweging.......................................................................................................170
1.5 Impact op seculiere clerus....................................................................................................170
1.6 De bedelordes (vanaf 13e eeuw)...........................................................................................171
2. Paus, keizer en concilie...............................................................................................................172
2.1 Context.................................................................................................................................172
2.2 De ‘Gregoriaanse Kerkhervorming’/11e eeuwse kerkhervorming.........................................172
2.3 De Investituurstrijd...............................................................................................................172
2.4 Naar een pauselijke monarchie............................................................................................173
2.5 De Avignon-pausen...............................................................................................................174


Inhoud 8

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