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Samenvatting Gedrag in Organisaties RUG
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InhoudsopgaveGedrag in organisaties................................................................................................................................... 5
Conceptuele modellen...........................................................................................................................................5
Moderatie model..............................................................................................................................................5
Mediatie model................................................................................................................................................5
Onderzoeksmethoden...........................................................................................................................................5
Case study.........................................................................................................................................................5
Vragenlijst (veldonderzoek)..............................................................................................................................5
Experiment.......................................................................................................................................................5
Meta-analyse....................................................................................................................................................5
2 Attitudes..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Het meten van werktevredenheid...................................................................................................................6
3 Emoties....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Wat zijn emoties...................................................................................................................................................6
Culturele verschillen in emoties.......................................................................................................................6
De functies van emoties...................................................................................................................................6
Emotionele intelligentie...................................................................................................................................6
4 Persoonlijkheid........................................................................................................................................... 7
Kaders van persoonlijkheid...................................................................................................................................7
Meyers-Briggs type indicator...........................................................................................................................7
Big Five Personality model...............................................................................................................................7
Dark Triad.........................................................................................................................................................7
5 Perceptie en besluitvorming........................................................................................................................ 8
Oordelen over anderen en onszelf........................................................................................................................8
Oordelen over anderen.........................................................................................................................................8
Shortcuts bij oordelen over anderen.....................................................................................................................8
Selectieve perceptie.........................................................................................................................................8
Halo effect........................................................................................................................................................8
Contrast effect..................................................................................................................................................8
Stereotypering..................................................................................................................................................8
Besluitvormingsmodellen......................................................................................................................................8
Het rationele model..........................................................................................................................................8
“Bounded” rationaliteit....................................................................................................................................8
Intuïtieve besluitvorming.................................................................................................................................8
Veelvoorkomende biases......................................................................................................................................9
Overconfidence bias.........................................................................................................................................9
Anchoring bias..................................................................................................................................................9
Confirmation bias.............................................................................................................................................9
Availability bias.................................................................................................................................................9
Escalation of commitment................................................................................................................................9
Randomness error............................................................................................................................................9
Risk aversion.....................................................................................................................................................9
Hindsight bias...................................................................................................................................................9
6 Diversiteit................................................................................................................................................... 9
, Surface-level diversity...........................................................................................................................................9
Deep-level diversity...............................................................................................................................................9
Sexe streotypen.....................................................................................................................................................9
Seks-role stereotypen.......................................................................................................................................9
Binnen organisaties..........................................................................................................................................9
Onzichtbare categorische verschillen...................................................................................................................9
Diversiteit: positief..............................................................................................................................................10
Bedienen van nieuwe markten......................................................................................................................10
Meer perspectieven.......................................................................................................................................10
Diversiteit: negatief.............................................................................................................................................10
Stereotypering hardnekkig.............................................................................................................................10
Conflicten........................................................................................................................................................10
Rol van Leiders....................................................................................................................................................10
7 Motivatie.................................................................................................................................................. 10
Expectancy theory...............................................................................................................................................10
Expectancy......................................................................................................................................................10
Instrumentality...............................................................................................................................................10
Valence...........................................................................................................................................................10
Goal-setting theory (Locke & Latham)................................................................................................................11
Equity theory.......................................................................................................................................................11
Streven naar equity........................................................................................................................................11
Self-determination theory...................................................................................................................................11
8 Motivatie en beloningen........................................................................................................................... 11
De rol van beloningen.........................................................................................................................................11
Types beloningen............................................................................................................................................11
Beloningsnormen...........................................................................................................................................11
Distributie criteria...........................................................................................................................................12
Gewenste uitkomsten....................................................................................................................................12
10 Groepen.................................................................................................................................................. 12
Groepsfuncties/teamfuncties..............................................................................................................................12
Functies organisatie........................................................................................................................................12
Functies individu.............................................................................................................................................12
Gedeelde identiteit..............................................................................................................................................12
Groepen zijn onontkoombaar........................................................................................................................12
Punctuated equilibrium model............................................................................................................................12
Groepsrollen........................................................................................................................................................13
Status (binnen en tussen groepen)................................................................................................................13
Normen...............................................................................................................................................................13
Normen niet altijd sociaal...............................................................................................................................13
Groepsgrootte: social loafing.........................................................................................................................13
Expectancy theorie..............................................................................................................................................13
Conformiteit........................................................................................................................................................13
Informationele invloeden...............................................................................................................................13
Normatieve invloed........................................................................................................................................13
Groupthink......................................................................................................................................................14
, Besluitvormingsdefecten................................................................................................................................14
Besluitvormingstechnieken.................................................................................................................................14
Besluitvorming in groepen.............................................................................................................................14
11 Teams..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Work groups vs work teams...............................................................................................................................14
Soorten teams.....................................................................................................................................................14
Self-managing teams......................................................................................................................................15
Virtuele teams................................................................................................................................................15
Cross-functional teams...................................................................................................................................15
Effectiviteit van teams........................................................................................................................................15
Potentiele prestatie........................................................................................................................................15
Indicatoren voor de effectiviteit van teams........................................................................................................15
Coöperatie......................................................................................................................................................15
Vertrouwen.....................................................................................................................................................15
Cohesie...........................................................................................................................................................15
Individu of team?................................................................................................................................................15
12 Leiderschap............................................................................................................................................. 17
Definitie...............................................................................................................................................................17
Leiderschapstheorieën........................................................................................................................................17
Persoonlijkheidskenmerken...........................................................................................................................17
Gedragstheorieën...............................................................................................................................................17
Belangrijkste dimensies in leiderschapsgedrag..............................................................................................17
Contingentietheorieën........................................................................................................................................17
Pad-doel theorie..................................................................................................................................................18
Transformationeel leiderschap...........................................................................................................................18
Transformationeel ‘versus’ transactioneel leiderschap.................................................................................18
Effect van leiderschap.........................................................................................................................................18
13 Macht en politiek.................................................................................................................................... 19
Definitie...............................................................................................................................................................19
Leiderschap versus macht..............................................................................................................................19
Waar komt macht vandaan?..........................................................................................................................19
Macht in actie.................................................................................................................................................19
9 beïnvloedingstactieken....................................................................................................................................20
Politiek en organisaties...................................................................................................................................20
14 Conflicten................................................................................................................................................ 21
Conflict = onverenigbare belangen.....................................................................................................................21
Typen conflict......................................................................................................................................................21
Taak conflict....................................................................................................................................................21
Proces conflict................................................................................................................................................21
Relationeel conflict.........................................................................................................................................21
Conflict proces.....................................................................................................................................................21
Fase 1..............................................................................................................................................................21
Fase 2..............................................................................................................................................................21
Fase 3..............................................................................................................................................................21
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