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Samenvatting 20-21 MATSCI - docent Bettina Vermeulen
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samenvatting van de lessen en powerpoints van Material Science
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Material Science1 Papier in de mediamix
1.1 Waarom papier
Papier is interessant omdat er een interactie is tussen de inkt en de drager. Als je
een ander papier zou nemen en je drukt hetzelfde op, dan ga je telkens een
ander resultaat krijgen. Papier is absorberend.
1.2 Print is dead, alles gaat digitaal.
Klopt niet.
Denk aan voorbeelden zoals Tomorrowland. Als je een ticket hebt bemachtigd
krijg je uw ticket in een doosje met andere accessoires. Het drukwerk is ook heel
mooi gedaan met goudfolie e.d.
Ook facebook heeft een magazine gelanceerd. Ook AirBnB is volledig online
begonnen maar hebben nu ook een magazine uitgegeven. Idem bij Uber.
Er is een mediamix. Er is een digitaal én een gedrukt platform.
1.3 Graphic Designer @ Work
De monsterkamer is een kantoor in Amsterdam. Zij geven
advies over papier. Als je niet weet welk papier je wil gebruiken
kan je naar daar gaan en zij gaan advies geven.
Filmpje: De paper is de message. Ze krijgen een mail en ze
antwoorden op papier.
1.4 What’s keeping print alive
Er is een verklaring te vinden n verschillende wetenschappelijke disciplines:
- Toegepaste taalkunst: tekstlinguïstiek binnen toegepaste
taalkunde
o Informatieve tekst
Die een stand van zaken in werkelijkheid weergeven
o Persuasieve tekst
Die de luisteraar of lezen van iets willen overtuigen
o Betogende tekst
Die een bepaald standpunt / visie innemen en met argumenten
onderbouwen
o Expressieve tekst
Die uitdrukken wat er in de spreker of schrijver omgaat
o Ontspannende of diverterende tekst
Die de lezer of luisteraar willen verstrooien
- Neurowetenschap
Aspecten van het zenuwstelsel, zintuigen worden aangestuurd door
centraal zenuwstelsel: zien, horen, ruiken, smaken en tasten.
o Digitale media: zien en horen
o Gedrukte media: zien, horen, ruiken en tasten
, Hoe mee zintuigen er aangesproken worden hoe beter.
- Cognitieve psychologie
De tak van de psychologie die zich bezighoudt met alle psychische
processen die te maken hebben met zaken als begrip, kennis,
herinneringen, geheugen, probleemoplossingen en informatieverwerking.
Zoekt / onderzoekt relatie tussen vermogen om informatie op te doen en
het gedrag van de mens.
Lezen online vs op papier : bewezen dat als je lange teksten op het
internet leest dat de lezen er last van krijgt. Boeken maken van het lezen
een tastbaar gegeven.
Papier zet aan tot online shopping: op folders of in catalogussen wordt er
verwezen naar de online site.
Conclusie waarom papier nog steeds ‘in’ is.
De keuze van het medium is een keuze voor het aantal zintuigen dat je wil laten
gebruiken. Hoe meer zintuigen dat je kiest, hoe beter de boodschap zal
onthouden worden.
De keuze voor het aantal zintuigen beïnvloed de psychische processen. De
psychische processen (neurowetenschappen, cognitieve psychologie, bepaalde
dingen beter onthouden) sturen de actie / feedback die je verwacht van de
gebruiker.
1.5 Opdracht: 6 filmpjes bekijken en testjes maken
1.5.1 Filmpje 1
Hi I'm dr. David Eagleman Welcome to neuroscience shorts. I want to talk to you
about something that my lab studies haptics the science of touch. I'm gonna tell
you about touch from skin to nerves to the brain. It's a complex and
counterintuitive system and it's a very beautiful one.
We're gonna look at how humans process touch. Both consciously and
unconsciously and we're gonna explore the powerful influence that it has on our
lives. The largest organ in your body is actually on your body. It's your skin and
it's a miraculous sort of material. More than half the human brain is devoted to
processing sensory experience. But unlike your other senses which are focused
skin and touch this is spread across your whole body. Touch is the only sense
that puts you in direct contact with your subject sayed and hearing these
operating at a distance but you can't touch something without being touched
yourself.
So let's zoom in on how haptics works. You have many different receptor types
embedded in your skin. For detecting pressure and itch and coolness and stretch
and you have many different ways to detect pain. So there's mechanical pain like
when you get cut and there's thermal pain when something's hot and there's
chemical pain when there's an acid on your skin. And together this whole zoo of
receptors inside your skin allows you to tell a lot about the outside world in terms
of texture and temperature and pressure and roughness and hardness. Your
sense of what's out there is totally dependent on these receptors in your skin. If
you inject something to block their operation then you're not aware anything's
,out there. That's what we call a local anesthetic. But it only begins with the
receptors that's not the endpoint. From receptors in your skin signals travel up
nerves to the elevator of your spinal cord and they go up to your brain and they
end up in a place called the somatosensory cortex, which is a strip along the
outside of your brain about where you would wear headphones. If you were to
measure brain activity along this strip you see that every tiny millimeter of it
corresponds to some particular part of your body and you'd see that not all body
parts are represented equally. Some parts have more real estate devoted to
them like hands and your feet and your genitals and your mouth and your lips
and your tongue. It's not surprising that we devote so much of our brains
territory. To the hands humans began to walk upright several million years ago
and that freed up our hands to go and explore the world around us they became
much more important. And so our brain changed accordingly the situation. Now is
that our fingertips have 2000 sensory receptors in them and this gives us such
exquisite sensitivity that we can feel little bumps the width of a human hair.
Helen Keller could lay her hand on the radio and feel the difference between the
strings and the Coronets. Plato didn't think much of touch he considered it the
most carnal of all the senses. But his student Aristotle had a very different view.
He said while man falls below other animal species in all the other senses in
touch he excels other species in the exactness of discrimination and that is why
man is the most intelligent of all the animals you
Vragen over filmpje:
1) “Man falls below other animal species in all the other senses but in touch
he excels other species in the exactness of discrimination. That is why man
is the most intelligent al all the animals”
This quote comes from …
o Dr. David Eagleman
o Aristotle
o Plato
o Socrates
2) How many sensory receptors do we have on our fingertips?
o >500 … = <1500
o >1500 … = < 2500
o >0… = < 500
o >2500 … =<5000
1.5.2 Filmpje 2
in the 1950s a scientist named Harry Harlow wanted to understand something
about the importance of touch between babies and mothers so he did this in
monkeys he took a baby monkey and separated it from its mother and put it into
a cage with to substitute mothers both of whom were made out of wireframe one
of those had a bottle of milk but it was bare wire otherwise the other one had no
milk but it was covered in terry cloth and he watched what happened the baby
monkey would get some milk from this mother and then run over and hugged the
terrycloth mother and when the baby monkey was frightened it would only go to
the terry cloth mother and hold onto her these studies nailed down earlier
suspicions that there's more to the mother-child relationship than just
, nourishment what heart Laree lies is that this contact comfort is an essential part
of the monkeys brain development and by extension a human child's
development as well touch is critical to the mother-child interaction so Harlow
went further to understand this he put monkeys in cages where they could see
each other and hear and smell each other but they couldn't touch and what
happened is these monkeys developed real behavioral problems they rocked and
they clasped themselves and they emotionally withdrew and in a later study the
screen that was dividing the monkeys got holes put in it so now the monkeys
could touch each other and all of a sudden this fixed things the youngsters no
longer developed these behavioural problems for a beautiful illustration of just
how much humans need touch just look at any neonatal intensive care unit at the
University of Miami they have 14,000 birth of the year and so the doctors there
see a real stream of babies that need some extra care and what they've found
with premature births is that the most important thing a caregiver can do is
what's called stim or stimulating massage three times a day the nurses and the
parents stroke the premature infants and it can't be too light or it tickles the
infant and it can't be too firm or it agitates the infant so they do adjust at a slow
steady pace like smoothing a wrinkle from Tamarack and they do six times on
the head in the face and then six times on the back and the neck and the arms
and the legs the results are dramatic those babies that were massaged gained
weight fifty percent faster than their peers who weren't touched and their
nervous systems mature faster and they become more alert and active and
responsive and they end up getting discharged from the hospital an average of
six days sooner and even eight months later they're healthier and bigger and
have fewer health problems than those infants who weren't touched so touch is
the basis for a healthy emotional life but beyond emotions touch is informational
it's what allows us to gather information about our world and exert our influence
over it and in the next video we're going to talk about that
Vragen over filmpje:
1) What did Harlow use for his experiment in the 1950s?
o Real mother monkey vs. terrycloth monkey with a bottle of milk
o Bare wireframe monkey vs. terrycloth monkey with a bottle of milk
o Terrycloth monkey vs. bare wireframe monkey with a bottle of milk
o Bare wireframe monkey with a bottle of milk vs. real mother
monkey
2) Which effect of stim (stimulating massage) for premature born babies is
not correct?
o They are discharged form hospital 6 days sooner.
o They gain weight 80% faster.
o They have fewer health problems even 8 months later.
o They become more alert and responsive.
1.5.3 Filmpje 3:
the way that we understand and interpret the world has a lot to do with our
physical bodies how we feel about things drives the way that we think and that
we behave and this is known as embodied cognition you can't think about
thinking without understanding how the body plays a role in that and in fact even
our language is often built on top of our physical interactions with the world so
we say that was a rough event where that was a heavy movie where she has a
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