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Sumario Resumen fisiología médica-digestivo
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Resumen de la parte de digestivo de fisiologia médica
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FISIOLOGÍA-DIGESTIVO
1
, í
• Esofágico superior→ voluntario
• Esofágico inferior (cardias)→ involuntario
• Pilórico → involuntario
• Ileocecal → involuntario
• Anal interno→ involuntario
• Anal externo → voluntario
El páncreas tiene una parte endocrina que secreta insulina y glucagón y una parte
exocrina que secreta bicarbonato y enzimas
Factores que afectan a la actividad motora
❖ Miogénico:
✓ Contracciones fásicas: son rápidas y provocan los movimientos
peristálticos
✓ Contracciones tónicas: son sostenidas → están en los esfínteres para que
se cierren permanentemente
El calcio se une a la calmodulina para fosforilar la miosina, que activada produce la
contracción.
Potencial de reposo de una célula muscular lisa → -50 mV
Ondas lentas→ potencial de membrana: 5-15mV y una frecuencia de 3-12/ minuto
Potencial de espiga→ es un potencial de acción que dura más que un potencial típico
❖ Neurógeno:
✓ Sistema nervioso extrínseco: controla los movimientos
✓ Sistema nervioso intrinseco:
o Plexo mientérico de Auerbach → Muscular
o Plexo de Meissner → submucosa → manda sus prolongaciones
directamente a las células
❖ Humoral: hormonas
Capas del tubo digestivo:
• Serosa→ tejido conjuntivo
• Músculos → longitudinal externa y circular interna
• Submucosa → tiene glándulas de secreción
• Mucosa
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