Communication Ethics - Notes from the Lectures and ALL Mini-Lectures some parts pf the book
Book Summary (CE): Media Ethics (Plaisance, 2013)
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Communicatiewetenschap
Communicatie Ethiek (77533200AY)
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Communicatie Ethiek
Lecture 1
what is ethics?
- three ethical perspectives
- virtues (character)
- principles (duty)
- consequences (outcome)
ethics vs morals
- morality refers to moral action itself
- ethos = character as manifested in attitude
- ethics is the moral philosophy of right vs wrong → tragic choices, conflict
- ethics is the process of finding rational justifications for our actions when
simultaneously held values come into conflict
- bij ethical consideration komen moral values into conflict en tragic choice has to be
made
Plato
- the ethical dilemma
- wrote philosophical dialogues die conflict of values bespreken
- be true to yourself (en iedereen is van nature goed)
- form’ theory = there exist an absolute truth that is reflected by nature
- epistemology = is the search for absolute truth
- conventions en norms gaan ook over ethics
who is ethically responsible?
- meestal als je power/influence hebt (op een individual, group of
organisation) dan ben je responsible → power principle. criterion of power
→ veel power, veel responsibility
- personal responsibility = everyone makes ethical decisions regarding their
own actions → who makes the decisions? er zit altijd een individueel achter
de organisatie
- bearing witness principle = everyone has the moral duty to witness immoral actions
(om te zien dat deze gevolgen hebben)
normative approach
- value judgement: normative
- morally normative: what is good and what is bad
- formulating basic principles and criteria
- prescriptive: stating how it should be
- is this the task of scientists? of voor wie?
non-normative approach / descriptive approach
- decriptive: describing how it is
- describing and understanding the actual moral behaviour
- not to judge, to consider
, - scientist as observer
- veel vinden dat scientists deze approach moeten gebruiken
prescriptive vs descriptive
- politician: meestal prescriptive
- cultural anthropologist: descriptive
- judge: prescriptive
- tax inspector: prescriptive
- media authority: prescriptive
aristoteles
- first systematic virtue theory
- karakter centraal: een mens handelt moreel goed
- reason is required for living a virtuous life
- two types of virtues: intellectual (knowing) vs moral (character)
- doctrine of average - de gouden middenweg = als je conflict hebt moet je voor de
compromise gaan tussen twee extremes
- lastig omgaan in community als je voor extremes gaat. ga voor de compromise
- virtue ethics = mensen bestaan uit virtues (zoals wisdom, justice, self-
control etc) en maken op basis daarvan keuzes
→ what would a virtuous person do? wat is de beste uitkomst? gaan we
voor de gouden middenweg?
thomas aquinas
- scholasticism = a logical way of thinking in oppositions
- hij voegde theologische (christelijke) virtues (hope, faith, love) toe aan the original
greek virtue ethics
- dacht ook na over leven na dood etc en eternal bless in maken van keuzes
- 7 virtues = expression of law of nature = rules and principles that apply to
everyone because they derive from reason → human nature
- law of nature derives from the Divine Will
- gods benevolence is confirmed by nature → study nature to learn whats
good and bad → scientific approach
principle ethics = deontology
- ook duty ethics / beginselethiek genoemd = moral behaviour is a duty
- rechten en plichten. beginsel is een uitgangspunt. bij de oplossing van een probleem
moet recht worden gedaan aan een of meer beginselen. handelen vanuit morele
plicht. intentie is belangrijk. handelt iemand vanuit juiste intentie?
- starting point for action lies in ethical principles (zoals privacy, equality, respect)
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