Class notes

Project implementation of PV and Wind Power Plants (Notes)

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Course
Photovoltaic&Windpower Plants

Institution
Hochschule Konstanz - Hochschule Für Technik, Wirtschaft And Gestaltung

Book
Understanding Renewable Energy Systems

My lecture notes cover the entire class of PV and WPS and project management. This course was held by a professor with several years of practical experience in wind power plants in Japan.

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Uploaded on January 10, 2021
Number of pages 16
Written in 2019/2020
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Unknown
Contains All classes

project management
wind power plants
solar modules
solar cell
wiring
power plant equations
project implementation procedure

Book Title:Understanding Renewable Energy Systems

Author(s):Volker Quaschning

Edition:Unknown
ISBN:9781317669425
Edition:Unknown

Institution
Hochschule Konstanz - Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft and Gestaltung
Education
Master's course: International Project Engineering
Course
Photovoltaic&Windpower Plants

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Summary PV + Wind Summer semester 2020

Photovoltaic and Wind Power Plant

Exam Summary SS2020

Table of Contents
New Project Implementation: ................................................................................................................. 2
Developer Flow: most important for planning.................................................................................... 2
Step 1-4 (Predominantly for PV) ......................................................................................................... 2
Differences to Wind projects: ............................................................................................................. 2
Most important parameter for project development......................................................................... 3
Technical Components: ........................................................................................................................... 3
PV - Solar Modules .............................................................................................................................. 3
Mounting system................................................................................................................................. 4
Shading condition PV........................................................................................................................... 5
Inverter ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Central Inverter vs String inverter ................................................................................................... 5
Power Optimiser (series connection) .............................................................................................. 5
Sensors of PV ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Solar PV Monitoring ................................................................................................................................ 7
What happened here – Practical examples for different scenarios .................................................... 7
Market situation .................................................................................................................................. 8
Wind energy production ..................................................................................................................... 8
Wind classes according to IEC 61400 .................................................................................................. 9
EPC – What to consider: ........................................................................................................................ 10
due diligence process: ....................................................................................................................... 10
Liquidated Damages .......................................................................................................................... 10
Essential Equations for calculation (with Examples) ............................................................................. 13
Specific Yield ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Capacity factor................................................................................................................................... 13
Performance Ratio............................................................................................................................. 13
Self-consumption rate ....................................................................................................................... 13
Self-production rate .......................................................................................................................... 13
Expected energy of power plant ....................................................................................................... 13
PR check with EPC ............................................................................................................................. 13
Inverter size: ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Reflection questions .............................................................................................................................. 15
Additional questions: ............................................................................................................................ 16

1

,Summary PV + Wind Summer semester 2020

New Project Implementation:
Developer Flow: most important for planning

Steps from Greenfield to plant

1. Site identification: identify potential spots, money for project, rough concept of design
2. Pre-feasibility: evaluate technical options, estimate costs, assess market and permits needed
3. Feasibility: technical and financial check of chosen option, start permission process
4. Financing / Contracts: permits, contracts, select supplier, finance project
5. Detailed Design: detailed design, project schedule, finalise permissions
6. Construction: build and supervise
7. Commission: test and check

Step 1-4 (Predominantly for PV)
 Power Purchasing Agreement needed!! basis to go to bank and get funding (PPA)
 no PPA-> no loan granted -> no project = not good!!
 site inspection = feasibility with respect to technical and financial issues = check with solar-
atlas data
 make sure to get all permissions of land, secure land even under transmission lines,
(connection to substations required)
 distinguish between roof and land PV
 use phases to monitor project (milestone / gate model) – be able to continue or stop project
depending on the fulfilment of the milestones (sometimes just not worth continuing work)

Differences to Wind projects:
 EISA / EIA takes up to 2-3 years and adds extra layers of costs
 additional data collection through mat masts (in case of new wind parks)
 >1-year simulation needed to evaluate spatial energy potential, displayed in bins over
frequency (bell curve)
 Several sensors at different heights = wind speed + wind direction
 High variation throughout the year
 Wind shear + surface roughness (coefficient)

2

, Summary PV + Wind Summer semester 2020

Green Field to wind farm development

Most important parameter for project development
 Annual Energy Production (AEP) = how much energy as quantity
 Power Purchasing Agreement (PPA) = how do we get paid for how long (price, duration)
important for banks = CENTRAL DOCUMENT TO START THE PROJECT
 CAPEX = How much does it cost to install it, capital expenditures
 OPEX= how much does it cost to run it, operational expenditures

Technical Components:

PV - Solar Modules

Module technology shifts towards n-type (PERC) modules

3

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