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Samenvatting verschillende antibiotica

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werking, resistentie, soorten en extra opmerkingen van de antibiotica die gekend moeten zijn voor het 3de jaar FBT vak Toegepaste farmacologie

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  • January 12, 2021
  • 4
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
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Toegepaste farmacologie: werkingsmechanismen
AB
Naam Werking Bacteriostatisch Resistentie Soorten Opmerkingen
/bactericied
β-lactam AB AB bindt aan transpeptidasen (PBP). Bactericied - Celwandpermeabiliteit ↘ (G-) - Penicillines - Soms allergische reacties =
Hierdoor celwandsynthese - Productie porines ↘ - Cefalosporines anafylaxie (bij penicilline)
geblokkeerd. PBP zorgt immers voor - Productie kleinere porines - Monobactams - Clavulaanzuur en/of tazobactam
dwarse verbinding peptidoglycaan. - Mutaties in PBP - Carbapenems = β-lactamase inhibitor
Groei blijft achter op celinhoud  - Overproductie PBP - selectief en weinig toxisch want
cellyse - Vorming β-lactamasen celwand andere samenstelling
dan menselijke celmembranen
inhibitie peptidoglycaansynthese door
crosslinking, binden op penicilline
bindend eiwit, verhinderen cel-
wandsynthese

Glycopeptiden Remt polymerisatie van glycaanketen. Bactericied - Vorming peptidoglycaan - Teicoplanine - Slechts te gebruiken wanneer β-
Groei blijft achter op celinhoud  precursoren met verlaagde - Vancomycine lactam niet gebruikt kan worden
cellyse affiniteit voor vancomycine
Aminoglycosiden Binden op 30S subunit en zorgen voor Bactericied - Productie modificerende - Streptomycine - Synergie met β-lactam
foute aflezing mRNA (= vorming enzymen - Neomycine - Selectief want werkt in op 30s
abnormale eiwitten) + verstoren - Mutatie in ribosoom: affiniteit - Kanamycine van bacterie mens heeft 40s
buitenmembraan G- ↘ - Netilmicine - kleine toxische marge!!!
- Productie porines ↘ - amikacine
- Tobramycine
Tetracyclines Binding 30S subunit  aminoacyltRNA Bacteriostatisch - Actieve efflux (uit pompen) - Doxycycline - Verminderde opname met
kan niet meer binden op mRNA - Verandering bindingsplaats op - Minocycline bepaalde ionen (Ca,Mg,Fe,Al)
ribosoom (betere - dysbiose = diarree

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