Uitgebreide samenvatting van het vak Brein & Cognitie 1. Het vak wordt gegeven op de Radboud Universiteit.
Het document bevat elk hoofdstuk, met uitzondering van hoofdstukken 1, 7, 13 en een deel van hoofdstuk 8. Het omvat de hele tentamenstof van het eerste bachelorjaar psychologie 2020/2021.
Alle hoofdstukken zijn beschreven, met uitzondering van hoofdstuk 1, 7, een deel van 8 en 13.
January 14, 2021
95
2020/2021
Summary
Subjects
brein en cognitie
radboud
psychologie
brain and cognition
bampc1
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
Edition:
ISBN:
Edition:
More summaries for
Test Bank for An Introduction to Brain and Behavior 6th Bryan Kolb , Ian Q. Whishaw , G. Campbell Teskey A+ 2024
Brain & Behavior (Chapter 1 & 2)
Complete summary of Brain & Behavior
All for this textbook (20)
Written for
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
Psychologie
Brein & Cognitie 1 (SOWPSB1BC06N2020PER2V)
All documents for this subject (40)
1
review
By: rob-manso • 2 year ago
Seller
Follow
ninabouwmeister
Reviews received
Content preview
Brain and Cognition 1 Summary
Chapter 2 – neuroanatomy
§2.1
The brain needs sensory information (vision, audition, olfaction, gustation &
somatosensation) to produce its primary function movement (behaviour).
Agenesis: failure of brain regions to develop.
People that suffer agenesis of the cerebellum are able to function properly and only
have some problems with balance and speech. They might show symptoms of autism early in
life.
Adaptations caused by evolution have equipped each species with a view of the world that
helps them to survive.
Brain plasticity: neural tissue has the capacity to change in response to the world by
changing how it is organized. Connections between neurons are constantly changing in
response to new experiences.
Neuroplasticity: the nervous system’s potential to alter itself physically or chemically in
response to environment and to compensate for age-related changes and injury.
Phenotypic plasticity: an individual’s potential to develop a range of phenotypes (exterior
characteristics/looks)
Genotype: genetic makeup.
Epigenetic factors do not change genes, but influence which genes inherited from parents
express their traits.
Brain
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Nervous system Spinal cord
Somatic NS
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic
NS
Enteric NS
Central nervous system: mediates behaviour
,Somatic nervous system (SNS): all spinal and cranial nerves. Carries sensory information to
the CNS from muscles, joints and skin. Also outgoing motor instructions that produce
movement
Autonomic nervous system (ANS): rest-and-digest response through parasympathetic
(calming) nerves and fight-or-flight response through sympathetic (arousing) nerves.
Enteric nervous system (ENS): neurons in the lining of the gut that control the gut. Mostly
operates autonomously, but can communicate with the CNS through the ANS.
Afferent = incoming
Efferent = outgoing (E > exit)
The first thing you encounter after opening the skull is not the brain, but Meninges. This is a
triple layered protection that consists of the outer dura mater, middle arachnoid layer and
inner pia mater.
Between the pia mater and arachnoid layer flows cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This is a
colourless solution of sodium (na+), chloride (cl-) and other ions. Its function is to allow the
brain to expand slightly without pressing on the skull.
Outer layer of the brain = cerebral cortex. It is heavily folded and layered to fit inside the
brain.
Lobes of the brain:
1. Frontal lobe: performs brain’s executive functions, like decision making and voluntary
movement.
2. Parietal lobe: directing movement towards a goal or to perform a task.
3. Temporal lobe: functions include hearing, language, musical abilities, facial
recognition and emotional processing.
4. Occipital lobe: start of visual scene processing
,Brainstem: heart rate, breathing, sleeping and
eating.
Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges. The
increase in white blood cells by the body
increases cranial pressure which can lead to
delirium and if the infection progresses can lead
to drowsiness, coma, stupor and even death.
Encephalitis: infection of the brain itself.
Caused by viruses.
Bumps: Gyri (Gyrus)
Cracks: Sulci (Sulcus)
Really deep sulci: Fissures
Three major arteries send blood to the
cerebrum: Anterior, Middle and Posterior
Cerebral arteries.
Dark, outer regions of brain:
Gray matter. This is largely
composed of cell bodies and
capillary blood vessels. Neurons collect and modify information to send it along here.
Light, inner regions of the brain: White matter. Mostly nerve fibers covered in myelin
sheaths that have high fat content. This is what makes the matter appear to be white. White
matter forms long-distance connections between neurons.
There are 4 ventricles in total.
, Lateral ventricles: two wing-shaped cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
All ventricles contain CSF. They eventually run into the cerebral aqueduct. This is a canal
that runs down the length of the spinal cord.
CSF performs several vital brain functions.
- Naturally buoyant, so it appears to weigh only about 1/30 of its actual mass
- Acts as a shock absorber.
The CSF environment is carefully made up. Small changes in the chemical content can result
in dizziness and fainting.
Corpus collosum: contains about 200 million nerve fibers that join the left and right
hemispheres and allows them to communicate.
Subcortical regions: regions below (inside) the neocortex.
Neurons: carry out the brain’s communicative and information processing functions.
Glial cells: aid the neurons
Nuclei: a cluster of similar cells
Tract: collection of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord
Nerve: bundles of fibers outside the CNS.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ninabouwmeister. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.17. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
