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, CSP1501
ASSIGNMENT 2
Question 1.1
Option 4
Reference: STUDY GUIDE PAGE 246
The lungs are light, spongy and elastic. All the structures entering or leaving a lung - arteries, veins,
bronchi and nerves - do so at a slit on the medial (facing the middle) surface, called the hilum.
Question 1.2
Option 3
Reference: STUDY GUIDE PAGE 244
The larynx or voice box is situated between the pharynx and the trachea. It consists of cartilage and muscle
tissue covered with a lining of mucous membrane. Two short fibrous bands called the vocal cords, stretch
across the interior of the larynx. Expired (exhaled) air causes these cords to vibrate and produce a sound or
voice. The length of the cords can be altered by muscular contraction to change the pitch of the voice. Short
tense vocal cords produce a high pitch, whereas long relaxed vocal cords produce a low pitch. The quality of
the voice further depends upon factors such as the size and shape of the nose, mouth and pharynx.
The larynx also protects the trachea from solids or liquids entering during swallowing.
Question 1.3
Option 2
Reference: STUDY GUIDE PAGE 245
Trachea
The trachea is a tubular organ approximately 11 centimetres long, with the upper half located in the neck and
the lower half located in the chest. It contains C-shaped cartilage disks to keep the tube open, to ensure the
free passage of air. The mucous membrane lining the trachea contains cilia (small hair-like projections) that
move foreign particles upwards so that they can be removed from the respiratory tract by the cough reflex.
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