Summary
Samenvatting Internationale Handel (YB0525)
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Deze samenvatting bevat alle leerstof die je moet kennen voor het examen Internationale handel.
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Internationale handelInhoud
Hoofdstuk 2: Internationale handelspolitiek .......................................................................................... 5
Enkele begrippen ................................................................................................................................. 5
Handelspolitiek ................................................................................................................................ 5
Handelsakkoord............................................................................................................................... 5
Handelsbelemmeringen .................................................................................................................. 5
Soorten handelsakkoorden ................................................................................................................. 5
Preferentiële handelsakkoorden ..................................................................................................... 6
EU .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Beslissingsstructuur EU ................................................................................................................... 6
Andere vormen van economische integratie ...................................................................................... 8
BLEU................................................................................................................................................. 8
Benelux ............................................................................................................................................ 8
EFTA/EVA ......................................................................................................................................... 8
IMF ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Hoofdstuk 3: Handelspromotie ............................................................................................................. 10
Overheidsinstellingen ........................................................................................................................ 10
Agentschap voor buitenlandse handel .......................................................................................... 10
Flanders Investment & Trade ........................................................................................................ 10
Federale Overheidsdienst Buitenlandse Zaken ............................................................................. 11
Diplomatieke en consulaire posten (+- 140 posten in het buitenland)......................................... 11
Federaal agentschap voor Veiligheid van de Voedselketen.......................................................... 11
Departement Landbouw en Visserij van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap............................................ 11
De EU ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Private instellingen ............................................................................................................................ 12
Interprofessionele beroepsorganisaties........................................................................................ 12
Bedrijfsorganisaties ....................................................................................................................... 13
Banken ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Hoofdstuk 4: Internationale verkopen en de INCOTERMS ................................................................... 15
Distributie en verkoop ....................................................................................................................... 15
Distributie ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Verkoop ......................................................................................................................................... 17
De verkoopovereenkomst ................................................................................................................. 21
1
, De leveringsvoorwaarden – De INCOTERMS..................................................................................... 21
Hoe het groeide… .......................................................................................................................... 21
Bespreking van de Incoterms ® 2010 ............................................................................................ 22
Hoofdstuk 5: Vervoer en documenten in de internationale handel ..................................................... 27
Vervoersvormen ................................................................................................................................ 27
Kenmerken van de verschillende vervoersvormen ....................................................................... 27
Gecombineerd of multimodaal vervoer ........................................................................................ 27
Containers en eenheidsladingen in het vervoer ........................................................................... 28
Pijpleiding ...................................................................................................................................... 28
De vervoersdocumenten ................................................................................................................... 29
Het zeevaartconnossement/ Bill of Lading - B/L ........................................................................... 29
Het binnenvaartconnossement ..................................................................................................... 32
De CMR-vrachtbrief (voor wegvervoer) ........................................................................................ 32
CIM-vrachtbrief (voor spoorwegvervoer) ..................................................................................... 34
De luchtvrachtbrief of Air Way Bill (AWB)..................................................................................... 34
Andere documenten bij internationale handel ................................................................................. 36
Invoer-en uitvoervergunning......................................................................................................... 36
De oorsprongsdocumenten........................................................................................................... 37
Het gewichtscertificaat.................................................................................................................. 38
Het gezondheids- en het fytosanitair certificaar ........................................................................... 38
Hoofdstuk 6: De Transportverzekering ................................................................................................. 39
Het verzekeringscontract .................................................................................................................. 39
Partijen bij een verzekeringscontract............................................................................................ 39
Soorten verzekeringen .................................................................................................................. 40
Verplichtingen van de partijen ...................................................................................................... 40
Normaal niet-verzekerde risico’s .................................................................................................. 41
Averij.............................................................................................................................................. 41
De goederenverzekering ................................................................................................................... 42
Algemeen....................................................................................................................................... 42
Verzekeringspolis........................................................................................................................... 42
Verzekerde risico’s ........................................................................................................................ 42
Vorm van de verzekering naargelang de vervoerwijze ................................................................. 42
Aansprakelijkheidsverzekering .......................................................................................................... 42
Wegvervoer ................................................................................................................................... 42
Ladingzekeren................................................................................................................................ 43
Zeevervoer..................................................................................................................................... 43
2
, Andere vervoersvormen................................................................................................................ 43
Aansprakelijkheid van de expediteur ............................................................................................ 43
Cascoverzekering............................................................................................................................... 44
Schadegeval ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Hoofdstuk 7: Douaneformaliteiten ....................................................................................................... 45
Enkele algemene begrippen i.v.m. de douane .................................................................................. 45
Taak van de douane ...................................................................................................................... 45
Soorten belastingen m.b.t. de buitenlandse handel ..................................................................... 45
Accijnzen........................................................................................................................................ 46
Maatstaf van heffing ..................................................................................................................... 46
Douanewaarde .................................................................................................................................. 46
Bepalen van de douanewaarde ..................................................................................................... 46
Documenten voor waardebepaling ............................................................................................... 46
Internationale doorvoerdocumenten ............................................................................................... 47
ATA-carnet ..................................................................................................................................... 47
TIR-carnet ...................................................................................................................................... 48
Hoofdstuk 8: btw-reglementering ......................................................................................................... 49
Hoofdstuk 9: Betalingsmiddelen en betalingstechnieken in de internationale handel ........................ 49
Wisselreglementering in België ......................................................................................................... 49
Betalingsmiddelen ............................................................................................................................. 49
Transfers ........................................................................................................................................ 49
Debetkaart ..................................................................................................................................... 52
Kredietkaart ................................................................................................................................... 52
Cheque........................................................................................................................................... 52
Definitie ......................................................................................................................................... 52
Wisselbrief ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Begrip en definitie ......................................................................................................................... 54
Betalingstechnieken .......................................................................................................................... 56
Documentair incasso ..................................................................................................................... 56
Documentair krediet (Letter of credit, L/C)................................................................................... 57
Het begrip documentair krediet .................................................................................................... 57
Hoofdstuk 10: Financiering van de internationale handel .................................................................... 58
Financiering op korte termijn ............................................................................................................ 58
Kaskrediet ...................................................................................................................................... 58
Voorschot op vaste termijn of straight loan.................................................................................. 59
Discontokrediet en het handelsaccept.......................................................................................... 60
3
, Acceptkrediet en het bankaccept.................................................................................................. 63
Begrip ............................................................................................................................................ 63
Het goederenpand of voorraadfinanciering.................................................................................. 65
Forfaiting (disconto zonder verhaal/disconto zonder regres) ...................................................... 65
Begrip ............................................................................................................................................ 65
Borgstellingskrediet ....................................................................................................................... 67
Factoring ........................................................................................................................................ 67
Financiering op middellange en lange termijn .................................................................................. 67
Voorwerp van de financiering ....................................................................................................... 67
Vormen van financiering ............................................................................................................... 67
Het wentelkrediet of het roll-overkrediet ..................................................................................... 67
Hoofdstuk 11: Risico’s bij internationale handel................................................................................... 74
Risico van niet-betaling ..................................................................................................................... 74
Risico voor de levering van de goederen ...................................................................................... 74
Risico na de levering van de goederen .......................................................................................... 74
Het betalingsrisico verzekeren ...................................................................................................... 74
Politiek risico ..................................................................................................................................... 76
Wisselkoersrisico ............................................................................................................................... 76
Transport - en logistiek risico ............................................................................................................ 77
Administratief risico .......................................................................................................................... 77
Economisch risico .............................................................................................................................. 78
Juridisch risico ................................................................................................................................... 78
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