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Phonetics summary year 1
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Hi! Here is a brief and concise summary of the course phonetics in the first year of English teacher training.
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Samenvatting English pronunciation for student teachers - phonetics
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Samenvatting English pronunciation for student teachers - phonetics
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PHONETICSStandard English: the English that with respect to spelling, grammar, pronunciation,
and vocabulary is substantially uniform though not devoid of regional differences, that
is well established by usage in the formal and informal speech and writing of the
educated, and that is widely recognized as acceptable wherever English is spoken
and understood
RP: Received Pronunciation
AN: Algemeen Nederlands
Homophones: two words that are pronounced the same, but spelled differently and
have a different meaning
way – weigh
I – eye
write – right
Allophones: the different pronunciations of one and the same phoneme in different
phonological context
- Phonological interference: the natural tendency to translate the foreign sounds
into the sounds of our native language
The boy was verrie nauwtie
The boy was very naughty
- Grammatical interference: when the grammar of the L1 influences the L2
I have seen him yesterday
I SAW him yesterday
- Semantic interference: words are misplaced
He was lying on the bank
He was lying on the SOFA/COUCH/SETTEE
Phoneme: the smallest unit of language (the sound of a part of a word, with its own
symbol), by changing this you change the meaning
o Which then can be minimal pairs
Cat – cot – got – God
, Vowels: klinkers
- Monophthongs: one element
o Short (lax: ongespannen, less muscular effort)
/ɪ/ tin, biscuit, give, pig, gym, build, guilt
Exceptional spellings:
o With ‘e’: pretty, England
o With ‘u’: busy, business
o With ‘o’: women
/ʊ/ pull, wolf, bull, full, push, could, book
Rules:
o The spelling ‘oo’ only represents /ʊ/ in:
Foot, good, gooseberry, hood, soot, stood,
wood, wool
All words spelt ‘-ook’ as: cook, took
Except for spook and snooker which
have /uː/
/e/ shell, left, send, empty, metal, head, many
Exceptional spellings:
o With ‘a’: any, many, Thames
o With ‘ay’, ‘ai’: says, said
o With ‘u’: bury, burial
/æ/ ban, land, perhaps, acting, candle, accurate
Exceptional spellings:
o With ‘ai’: plaid, plait
/ʌ/ fun, touch, won, sun, cut, son, done, young
Exceptional spellings:
o With ‘oo’: blood, flood
o With ‘orr’: worry
o With ‘con-‘: conjure(r), constable
o Note: borough, thorough
/ɒ/ dock, hospital, spot, got, box, clock, want
Exceptional spellings:
o With ‘au’: Austin, Australia, Austria, because,
cauliflower, laurel, Maurice, quarrel, sausage,
Vauxhall
o With ‘-other’: bother
o Long (tense: gespannen, more muscular effort)
/iː/ bean, guarantee, heat, three, tea, believe, scene
Rules:
o Never occurs before ‘r’
Hearing, near, etc. have /ɪə/
/uː/ spoon, school, flute, cartoon, rude, threw, lose, glue
Rules:
o Never occurs before ‘r’
Touring, moor, etc have /ʊə/ or /ɔː/
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