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Grammar summary year 1 semester 1
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Summary Grammar 1 (Core Grammar for Higher Education)
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Samenvatting stof Grammar 1 leraar Engels HAN
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Grammar summary period 1 and 2Chapter 1: Word classes
- Nouns (zelfstandige naamwoorden)
o Countable nouns
Telbare zelfstandige naamwoorden
Can take a/an and have a plural
Table(s), house(s), computer(s)
o Uncountable nouns
Niet-telbare zelfstandige naamwoorden
Cannot take a/an and they have no plural
Music, milk, wood
o Proper nouns
Eigen namen
Names of places, people and things
London, Paul, Christmas
- Articles (lidwoord)
o Definite article
Bepaald lidwoord
The
The woman, the university, the answer
o Indefinite article
Onbepaald lidwoord
A/an
A woman, a university, an answer
- Verbs (werkwoorden)
o Predicator
Gezegde
Alle werkwoorden in een zin
o Lexical verb (or main verb, notional verb, ordinary verb)
Zelfstandig werkwoord
It does not need another verb
He works in an office
o Auxiliary
Hulpwerkwoord
A verb that cannot form the predicator on its own
Express a certain meaning, such as obligation, permission,
ability and possibility (also called modal auxiliaries, modal verbs
or modals)
Will, shall, have, can, may, must
I can/will help you
, o Subject complement
Naamwoordelijk deel van het gezegde
Additional information about a subject (also called link verb,
linking verb, copula: koppelwerkwoord a verb that connects
the subject to the subject complement)
Be, become, get, grow (worden), seem, feel, smell, taste,
look, sound
This smells/tastes good
- Adjectives
Bijvoeglijk naamwoord
Tells something about a noun
You can make degrees of comparison (trappen van vergelijking)
Cold, colder, coldest
It is a cold day. But it was colder yesterday.
Interesting, more interesting, most interesting
That is an interesting book. But this book is more
interesting.
- Adverbs
Bijwoord
Refers to a verb (werkwoord), adjective (bijvoeglijk naamwoord)
or another adverb (bijwoord)
Are formed by adding ‘-ly’ to the adjective (except for hard & fast)
A hard worker. He works hard.
A fast car. Don’t drive so fast.
Sommige bijwoorden stammen niet af van bijvoeglijke
naamwoorden (always, never, often, soon, sometimes)
She worked accurately
It was extremely hot
He worked extremely accurately
- Pronouns
o Personal pronouns
Persoonlijke voornaamwoorden
Often used as a subject or object
I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, him, us, them
o Possessive pronouns
Bezittelijke voornaamwoorden
Indicate possession
My, your, her, his, its, our, your, their
o Demonstrative pronouns
Aanwijzende voornaamwoorden
To point at something
This, that, these, those
o Interrogate pronouns
Vragende voornaamwoorden
Used in questions
Who, what, which
Who’s there?
o Relative pronouns
, Betrekkelijke voornaamwoorden
Refer to preceding persons and things
Who, which, that
He has one daughter, who is 10 years old
o Indefinite pronouns
Onbepaalde voornaamwoorden
Refer to indefinite (onbepaalde) persons or things
Some, any, every, each, all
o Reflexive pronouns
Wederkerende voornaamwoorden
Are pronouns ending in ‘-self’
Myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
- Conjunctions (voegwoord)
A word which joins together words, word groups and clauses
(groups of words containing a subject and a verb: main clauses
(hoofdzinnen) and subclauses (bijzinnen)
And, or, because, until, though, if, unless, while, when,
before, as
He plays football and tennis
I will call you back this afternoon or tomorrow morning
I waited at home until she arrived
She went to bed because she was tired
- Prepositions (voorzetsels)
Often indicate place, time, direction
Usually placed before a noun
In, into, on, at, from, of, under, over, above, below,
behind, between
In the garden
On the roof
Behind the tree
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