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samenvatting architectuurgeschiedenis KASK 1ste jaar/1ste semester
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samenvatting van: prehistorie, mesopotamië, egypte, griekse oudheid, romeinse oudheid, middeleeuwen, reniassance, barok en
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ARCHITECTUURGESCHIEDENISInhoudsopgave
1. PREHISTORIE 4 000 000 v.C.- 3000 v.C. .......................................................................................... 4
1.1 Paleolithicum 2 500 000 v.C. – 10 000 v.C. ............................................................................ 4
ALTAMIRA GROT ............................................................................................................................ 4
ROTSSCHILDERINGEN IN LASCAUX ................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Neolithicum............................................................................................................................ 5
JERICHO .......................................................................................................................................... 5
CATAL HÜYÜK ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Megalithische cultuur 1000 v.C. ............................................................................................ 6
THE LONGMAN .............................................................................................................................. 6
STONEHENGE ................................................................................................................................. 7
2. MESOPOTAMIË ............................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 SUMMERISCHE RIJK 3500 v.C. – 2300 v.C. ............................................................................. 8
2.2 SUMMERISCHE ARCHITECTUUR 3500 v.C. – 2300 v.C. .......................................................... 8
WITTE TEMPEL ............................................................................................................................... 8
2.3 AKKADISCHE RIJK ................................................................................................................... 8
CODEX VAN HAMMURABI ............................................................................................................. 8
2.4 ASSYRISCHE RIJK .................................................................................................................... 9
LEEUWENPOORT ............................................................................................................................ 9
CITADEL VAN SARAGON ................................................................................................................ 9
RELIËF MET JACHTSCENE ............................................................................................................... 9
2.5 NIEUW BABYLONIË 612 v.C. – 539 v.C. .................................................................................. 9
ISHTAR POORT ............................................................................................................................... 9
2.6 PERZIË 538 v.C. – 331 v.C. .................................................................................................... 10
PERSEPOLIS PALEIS VAN DARIUS DE GROTE ............................................................................... 10
2.7 GRIEKSE OVERHEERSING 330 v.C. – 30 v.C. ......................................................................... 10
2.8 ROMEINSE OVERHEERSING 30 v.C. – 395 n.C. ..................................................................... 10
3. EGYPTE ......................................................................................................................................... 10
DE HOOFDPERIODES VAN EGYPTE ......................................... Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.
TRAPPENPIRAMIDE VAN FARAO DJOZER .................................................................................... 12
KNIKPIRAMIDE VAN SNOFROE .................................................................................................... 12
PIRAMIDE VAN GIZEH .................................................................................................................. 12
PIRAMIDE VAN CHEFREN ............................................................................................................. 12
, PIRAMIDE VAN CHEOPS ............................................................................................................... 12
MIDDENRIJK 2100 v.C. – 1750 v.C. .............................................................................................. 13
SCHMINKPALET ............................................................................................................................ 13
NIEUWE RIJK 1550 v.C. – 1067 v.C. .............................................................................................. 13
DODENTEMPEL EN GRAF VAN KONINGIN HATSJEPOET.............................................................. 13
TEMPEL VAN AMON-RA IN KARNAK ........................................................................................... 13
TEMPEL VAN CHONSOE IN KARKNAK .......................................................................................... 14
TEMPEL VAN FARAIO AMENHOTEP III EN RAMSES II.................................................................. 14
GRAFTEMPEL RAMSES II .............................................................................................................. 14
GRIEKSE OVERHEERSING 330 – 30 v.C. ........................................................................................ 14
TEMPEL VAN HORUS .................................................................................................................... 14
HEDENDAAGSE ARCHITECTUUR: .................................................................................................. 14
4. GRIEKSE OUDHEID ........................................................................................................................ 15
GRIEKSE BRONSTIJD: PROTO-HISTORIE ....................................................................................... 15
PALEIS VAN KONING MINOS......................................................................................................... 16
GOUDEN MASKER VAN AGAMEMNON, UIT GRAFCIRKEL VAN AGAMEMNON .......................... 17
BURCHT VAN MYCENE ................................................................................................................. 17
GRAF VAN ATREUS....................................................................................................................... 17
DE EVOLUTIE VAN HET MERGARON TOT KLASSIEKE GRIEKSE TEMPEL ...................................... 18
DE EVOLUTIE VAN HET MERGARON TOT KLASSIEKE GRIEKSE WONING MET MEGARON ALS
BASIS EN CENTRALE OPEN BINNENPLAATS ................................................................................. 18
DORISCHE PERIODE (DONKERE HELLADISCHE EEUWEN) 1200-900 V.C...................................... 19
THE BATTLE OF THE DELTA .......................................................................................................... 19
AMPHORA VAN DIPLYON ............................................................................................................ 20
ARCHAÏSCHE PERIODE (900-510 V.C.) ......................................................................................... 20
KOUROSBEELD ............................................................................................................................. 20
KLEIMAQUETTE VAN VROEGE TEMPEL ....................................................................................... 20
HERATEMPEL OP SAMOS ............................................................................................................. 21
APOLLOTEMPEL OP THERMON.................................................................................................... 21
APOLLOTEMPEL VAN KORINTHE ................................................................................................. 21
KONINKLIJK PALEIS VAN PERSEPOLIS .......................................................................................... 21
IONISCHE TEMPEL ........................................................................................................................ 23
TEMPEL VAN ARTEMISCH ............................................................................................................ 23
PERZISCHE OORLOGEN 510 – 449 v.C. ......................................................................................... 23
KLASSIEKE PERIODE 449 – 338 v.C. .............................................................................................. 23
NIKE TEMPEL ................................................................................................................................ 23
, ERECHTEION................................................................................................................................. 24
AKROPOLIS VAN ATHENE ............................................................................................................ 24
PARTHENON................................................................................................................................. 25
KORINTHISCHE TEMPELS ............................................................................................................. 25
THOLOS VAN DELPHI ................................................................................................................... 25
HELLENISTISCHE PERIODE 335 – 146 v.C. .................................................................................... 25
MAUSOLEUM ............................................................................................................................... 25
TEMPEL OLYMPISCHE ZEUS ......................................................................................................... 25
BACCHUS TEMPEL VAN BAALBEEK .............................................................................................. 25
6. ROMEINSE OUDHEID .................................................................................................................... 26
7. MIDDELEEUWEN .......................................................................................................................... 36
8. RENAISSANCE ............................................................................................................................... 39
9. BAROK .......................................................................................................................................... 60
, 1. PREHISTORIE 4 000 000 v.C.- 3000 v.C.
1.1 Paleolithicum 2 500 000 v.C. – 10 000 v.C.
De eerste mensen waren nomaden. Met andere woorden ze hadden geen vaste woonplaats, jacht
stond centraal bij hun, ze hadden natuurlijke beschutting en leefden in groepen.
ALTAMIRA GROT
1879
muurschilderingen met realistische voorstelling
realisme is zeer belangrijk in deze periode
oneffenheden in grotten worden gebruikt om volume
van de dieren weer te geven
jacht staat centraal
ROTSSCHILDERINGEN IN LASCAUX
1940
Frankrijk
Minder verfijnde schilderwerken, zwarte omtrekken met houtskool en/of terracotta
aardkleuren
Modern en suggestief
Moderne kunst is ook :
kunst van het weglaten
kunst van de oervorm
Voorstellingen in grotten zijn millennia goed bewaard gebleven. Dit komt omdat de schilderingen
nooit vlakbij de grottoegang geplaatst waren waardoor er dus geen licht bij kan komen. Het waren
nauwe doorgangen waardoor de schilderwerken pas laat ontdekt zijn.
BESLUIT
1. Voorstellingen zijn meer dan decoratief
2. De voostellingen werden gemaakt in het kader en als ondersteuning van rituelen omtrent
een gunstige jachtperiode en bezitten een soort magische kracht. Wanneer het
jachtseizoen gedaan is dan verdwijnt die kracht
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