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Samenvatting ECO40- Professioneel Inkopen
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Duidelijke samenvatting over hoofdstuk 1 t/m 12
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By: hanief-8 • 2 year ago
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InhoudsopgaveHoofdstuk 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 De inkoopfunctie ..................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.1 Begripsbepaling ...................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.2 Verschillen tussen het koopgedrag van organisaties en dat van consumenten ....................... 7
1.1.3 Het belang van de inkoopfunctie ............................................................................................ 7
1.1.4 De ontwikkeling van de inkoopfunctie....................................................................................... 8
1.1.5 Visies op de inkoopfunctie ......................................................................................................... 8
1.1.6 Duurzaam inkopen ..................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Hoe wordt ingekocht? ............................................................................................................. 9
1.2.1 De fases van het inkoopproces ............................................................................................ 9
1.2.1.1 Specificeren ..................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.1.2 Offreren en selecteren...................................................................................................... 9
1.2.1.3 Onderhandelen en contracteren ..................................................................................... 10
1.2.1.4 Bestellen, bewaken en nazorg ....................................................................................... 10
1.2.2 Verloop van inkoopprocessen ........................................................................................... 11
1.2.3 Koopsituaties ................................................................................................................. 11
1.3 Wat wordt gekocht?............................................................................................................... 11
1.3.1 Indeling van goederen ................................................................................................... 12
1.3.2 Primaire inkoop ............................................................................................................. 14
1.3.3 Facilitaire inkoop ........................................................................................................... 14
1.4 Wie koopt in? ........................................................................................................................ 14
1.4.1 De Decision Making Unit (DMU) ................................................................................. 14
1.4.2 Rollen en functies binnen DMU’s ................................................................................. 14
1.4.3 De problem solving unit (PSU) ..................................................................................... 15
1.4.4 Inkoopafdeling en inkoopfunctie ................................................................................... 15
1.4.5 Organisatie van de inkoop ............................................................................................. 15
1.5 Inkoop als beroep .................................................................................................................. 16
1.5.1 Over het imago en de status van verkopers ................................................................... 16
1.5.2 Beroepscode voor de inkoper (NEVI) ........................................................................... 17
1.5.3 Van beroepscode naar inkoopcode ................................................................................ 17
1.5.4 Competenties en inkooprollen ...................................................................................... 17
1.6 Inkopen door de overheid ...................................................................................................... 18
1.6.1 Aandacht en professionalisering.................................................................................... 18
1.6.2 Bijzondere kenmerken ................................................................................................... 18
Hoofdstuk 2 E-procurement .................................................................................................................. 18
2.1 Vormen van elektronisch inkopen ............................................................................................... 18
2.2 E-ordering.................................................................................................................................... 19
2.2.2 De componenten van een elektronisch inkoopsysteem ........................................................ 20
1
, 2.2.3 De catalogus ......................................................................................................................... 20
2.2.4 Keuze van een catalogussysteem.......................................................................................... 21
2.2.5 Voor- en nadelen .................................................................................................................. 21
2.3 E-auctions ................................................................................................................................ 21
2.3.1 Soorten veilingen .................................................................................................................. 21
2.3.2 Voor- en nadelen .................................................................................................................. 22
2.4 E-market places ........................................................................................................................... 22
2.4.1 Soorten marktplaatsen .......................................................................................................... 22
2.4.2 Toegevoegde waarde van marktplaatsen .............................................................................. 22
2.4.3 Het Revenu-model ................................................................................................................ 23
2.5 Lock in en switching costs .......................................................................................................... 23
2.6 E-procurement? Alleen onder voorwaarden ................................................................................ 24
Hoofdstuk 3: Relaties met andere functionele gebieden ....................................................................... 24
3.1 De inkoopfunctie ................................................................................................................... 24
3.1.1 Naar een proactieve en strategische inkoop .................................................................. 24
3.1.2 Het interne-klantperspectief .......................................................................................... 25
3.1.3 Ontwikkelingen in de functionele organisatiestructuur ................................................. 25
3.1.4 Cross-functional teams ......................................................................................................... 25
3.2 Relatie tussen Inkoop en Logistiek........................................................................................ 26
3.2.1 Ontwikkeling van de interactie ...................................................................................... 26
3.2.3 Manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) ................................................................... 27
3.2.4 Just-In-Time-management (JIT) .................................................................................... 27
3.2.5 Ketenintegratie .............................................................................................................. 27
3.3 Relatie tussen inkoop en kwaliteitsmanagement ................................................................... 28
3.3.1 Ontwikkeling van de interactie ...................................................................................... 28
3.3.2 Het interne-klantperspectief .......................................................................................... 28
3.3.3 Kwaliteit: aandachtspunten voor Inkoop ....................................................................... 28
3.4 Relatie tussen inkoop en productontwikkeling .................................................................. 28
3.4.1 Ontwikkeling QFD ........................................................................................................ 28
3.4.2 Betere productinnovatie met Inkoop ............................................................................. 29
3.5 Relatie tussen inkoop en marketing ....................................................................................... 30
Hoofdstuk 4: Inkoopplanning en inkoop-professionalisering ............................................................... 30
4.1 Inkoop: Plan en beleid ........................................................................................................... 30
4.2 Een inkoopplan maken .......................................................................................................... 31
4.2.1 Analyse van de huidige situatie ..................................................................................... 31
4.2.2 Het gewenste Inkoopbeleid ........................................................................................... 34
4.2.3 Doelstellingen ................................................................................................................ 35
4.2.4 Het inkoopplan opstellen en implementeren ........................................................................ 35
4.3 Voordelen, valkuilen en aandachtspunten ............................................................................. 36
2
, 4.4 Professionaliseren Inkoopfunctie .......................................................................................... 36
4.4.2 Het MSU-model ............................................................................................................ 36
4.4.3 Het managen van strategische verandering in Inkoop ................................................... 37
Hoofdstuk 5: Inkoop en strategie .......................................................................................................... 37
5.1 De ondernemingsstrategie: dynamiek en complexiteit .......................................................... 37
5.1.1 Strategisch management ................................................................................................ 37
5.1.2 Business-units ................................................................................................................ 38
5.1.3 Functionele gebieden ..................................................................................................... 38
5.2 Interactie tussen inkoop- en ondernemingsstrategie.............................................................. 38
5.2.2 Concurrentiedriehoek .................................................................................................... 39
5.2.3 Strategic sourcing .......................................................................................................... 39
5.2.4 Het belang van de inkoopfunctie ................................................................................... 40
5.2.5 De link tussen ondernemingsstrategie en inkoopstrategie ............................................. 40
5.3 Inkoopstrategie ...................................................................................................................... 41
5.3.2 Inkoopstrategie: drie strategische acties ............................................................................... 42
Hoofdstuk 6: Make-or-buy? .................................................................................................................. 42
6.1 Aanleidingen voor make-or-buy-studies ............................................................................... 42
6.2 Toepassingsgebieden ............................................................................................................. 43
6.3 Ontwikkelingen in het denken over make-or-buy ................................................................. 43
6.4 Make-or-buy-beslissingen ..................................................................................................... 43
6.4.1 Strategische overwegingen ............................................................................................ 43
6.4.2 Toeleveren en uitbesteden ............................................................................................. 44
6.4.3 Operationele overwegingen ........................................................................................... 44
6.4.4 Beslissingsmodellen voor capaciteitsprobleem ............................................................. 45
6.4.5 De break-evenanalyse.................................................................................................... 46
6.5 Implementatie en gevolgen van make-or-buy beslissingen ................................................... 46
Hoofdstuk 7: Leveranciersmanagement ................................................................................................ 46
7.1 De portfoliobenadering van Kraljic ............................................................................................. 46
7.1.2 Strategische aanbevelingen .................................................................................................. 47
7.2 Stappenplan voor Kraljic-benadering .......................................................................................... 47
7.3 Category-management................................................................................................................. 49
7.3.2 Relevante ontwikkelingen .................................................................................................... 49
7.3.3 Category manager................................................................................................................. 49
7.4 Sourcing strategieën .................................................................................................................... 49
7.4.1 Single sourcing versus multiple sourcing ............................................................................. 50
7.4.2 Network-sourcing en parallel sourcing................................................................................. 50
7.4.3 Local sourcing versus global sourcing ................................................................................. 50
7.5 Leveranciersbeoordeling ............................................................................................................. 51
7.5.1 Leveranciersprestatie meten ................................................................................................. 51
3
, 7.5.2 Vendorrating ......................................................................................................................... 51
7.5.3 Benchmarking ...................................................................................................................... 51
Hoofdstuk 8: Samenwerking en partnerships ........................................................................................ 53
8.1 Redenen voor samenwerking ................................................................................................ 53
8.1.1 Drie redenen voor samenwerking .................................................................................. 53
8.1.2 Kosten, product en flexibiliteit ...................................................................................... 53
8.1.3 Dynamiek in de concurrentiedriehoek........................................................................... 53
8.2 Het belang van de context ..................................................................................................... 54
8.2.1 Algemene contextfactoren ............................................................................................. 54
8.2.2 Situatie-specifieke contextfactoren................................................................................ 54
8.3 Macht en afhankelijkheid ...................................................................................................... 55
8.3.1 Samenwerking: een genuanceerde blik ......................................................................... 55
8.3.2 Symmetrische versus asymmetrische relaties................................................................ 55
8.4 Samenwerkingsvormen ......................................................................................................... 56
8.4.1 Arm’s length relationships ............................................................................................ 56
8.4.2 Drie typen partnerships.................................................................................................. 56
8.4.3 Joint ventures ................................................................................................................. 57
8.5 Een breder perspectief ........................................................................................................... 57
8.6 Supply chain management..................................................................................................... 58
8.6.2 SCM: een definitie................................................................................................................ 59
8.6.3 Machtsbalans ........................................................................................................................ 59
8.6.4 Het ontwerpen van robuuste supply chains .......................................................................... 60
8.7 Samenwerking in netwerken ................................................................................................. 60
Hoofdstuk 9: Specificeren ..................................................................................................................... 61
9.1 Specificeren en het inkoopproces ................................................................................................ 61
9.2 Budget, planning en verantwoordelijkheden ............................................................................... 61
9.3 Het Programma van Eisen ........................................................................................................... 62
9.3.1 Zeven groepen en eisen ........................................................................................................ 62
9.3.2 Eisen en wensen ................................................................................................................... 62
9.3.4 ISO 9000............................................................................................................................... 63
9.4 Waar moet de specificaties aan voldoen? .................................................................................... 63
9.4.1 Efficiëmnte probleemoplossing of behoeftevoorziening ...................................................... 63
9.4.5 Offertebeoordeling mogelijk maken..................................................................................... 64
9.5 De praktijk: problemen, missers en tips ...................................................................................... 64
9.6 Prestatiegericht inkopen .............................................................................................................. 64
9.6.1 Klassieke manier van aanbesteding ...................................................................................... 64
9.6.2 Performance-Based Contracting (PBC)................................................................................ 64
9.6.3 Best Value Procurement ....................................................................................................... 64
Hoofdstuk 10: Offreren en selecteren.................................................................................................... 65
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