Summary Human Physiology ISBN: 9780134704203 Physiology - Tissue
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Course
Physiology - Tissue
Institution
University Of Pretoria (UP)
Book
Human Physiology
Differentiate between the different types of tissue and muscle and how each of them functions in their own way. Study which ossification bones undergo, and the different types of cartilage, and where it can be found.
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Physiology - Tissue
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TISSUE
Formed by collections of cells that look alike and have similar functions.
Body composed of 4 types of tissue:
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
EPITHELIUM
Closely aggregated cells, little intercellular material
Functions:
Covering and lining surfaces
Absorption
Secretion
(Form of these cells depend on its location and function and ranges from
low squamous to high columnar forms)
Absorptive epithelium surface membrane presents with finger like
projection – microvilli
Epithelia lining upper passage of airways have hairlike motile
structures on membrane surface – cilia
Epithelial tissue classified into 2 main groups
- Glandular
- Covering
COVERING EPITHELIUM
Cells organised into membranous layers that cover external surface or
line cavities
Classified into number of cell layers:
- Simple epithelium (one layer of cells)
- Stratified epithelium (more than one layer)
Basal lamina or basal membrane between underlying connective
tissue and basal surface covering epithelium
Covering cells are continuously renewed by mitosis
, GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
Formed by cells specialised to produce fluid secretions
Glands classified into:
- Unicellular glands: single glandular cells (mucous producing goblets
cells lining small intestines)
- Multicellular glands: composed of cluster of cells, 2 main types:
- exocrine (secretions taken to epithelial surface by ducts)
- endocrine (secretions released by cells into extracellular fluid from
and diffuse into blood vessels to target organs
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Biological tissue that supports, connects or separates different types
of tissues and organs in the body
Abundance of intracellular material, produced and secreted by its cells
Variety of connective tissue:
- Connective tissue proper
- Adipose tissue
- Cartilage tissue
- Bone
- Blood
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
Contains extracellular material composed of fibres (matrix) and tissue
fluid
3 types of fibres present in this type of connective tissue:
- collagen
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