Exam (elaborations)
CHAPTER 44 QUIZ QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
- Course
- PATHO 370
- Institution
- West Coast University
CHAPTER 44 QUIZ QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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Chapter 44: Acute Disorders of Brain FunctionTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1. The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure isa.cerebral vasodilation.b.hypernatremia.c.respiratory hyperventilation.d.REM sleep.ANS: ACerebral edema starts a cyclic process whereby fluid collection in the brain leads to compression of vessels, which results in inadequate blood and oxygen perfusion into the cells. This results in ischemia, which triggers vasodilation, increased capillary pressure, and increased edema. An increase in intracranial pressure is not associated with hypernatremia nor caused by respiratory hyper‐ventilation. The physiologic change most likely to lead to increased intracranial pressure is not related to sleep.REF: Pg. 9032. Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily toa.parasympathetic nervous system activation.b.sympathetic nervous system activation.c.autoregulation of body systems.d.loss of brainstem reflexes.ANS: BAn extreme increase in ICP can precipitate an intense reaction by the sympathet‐ic nervous system as it attempts to maintain cerebral perfusion through the compressed blood vessels. This has been termed an ischemic response or Cushing reflex. Manifestations of acute brain ischemia are due to sympathetic nervous system activation. The sympathetic nervous system activates to attempt to lower the intracranial pressure accompanied by acute brain ischemia. The Cushing reflex generally is viewed as a “last-ditch” effort by the brain to re-establish cerebral perfusion but is not due to loss of brainstem reflexes.REF: Pg. 9043. Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?a.Spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self onlyb.Eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterallyc.Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal responsed.No eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawingANS: CDecorticate posturing is an abnormal flexor response of the arms and wrists, with legs and feet extended and internally rotated. This occurs as the neurologic functioning deteriorates. Normal response occurs with spontaneous eye opening, movement on command and orientation to self. Eye opening to touch is not indicative of poor neurologic functioning. A lower neurologic functioning is indicated by a patient who is able to withdraw from painful stimulus and localize the source of pain.REF: Pg. 9084. Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries in whicha.injury is localized to the site of initial impact.b.widespread neuronal damage is incurred.c.bleeding from venules fills the subdural space.d.focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles.ANS: DPolar injuries occur as a consequence of the brain shifting within the skull and meninges during the course of an acceleration-deceleration movement resulting in local injury at two opposite poles of the brain. Focal injuries are those that are localized to the site of impact to the skull. Diffuse injuries occur when movementThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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