Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 16 Quiz & Questions
- Course
- PATHO 370
- Institution
- West Coast University
Chapter 16 Quiz & Questions
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Chapter 16: Alterations in Blood PressureTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Pulse pressure is defined asa.two-thirds of systolic pressure + diastolic pressure.b.systolic pressure + diastolic pressure.c.systolic pressure – diastolic pressure.d.systolic pressure × systemic resistance.ANS: CPulse pressure is defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Pulse pressure is not the sum of the systolic and diastolic pressures. Systemic resistance is not involved in determining the pulse pressure.REF: Pg. 3332.What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?a.Hypovolemiab.Decreased cardiac outputc.Vasoconstrictiond.Decreased vascular resistanceANS: CAt the smooth muscle of the arterial system, neurotransmitters bind to receptors to initiate vasoconstriction and increase systemic vascular resistance An increase in vascular resistance causes the heart to work harder and thus increases blood pressure. Hypovolemia does not result in an increase in blood pressure. Cardiac output is not decreased when systemic blood pressure is increased. Vascular resistance is actually increased when the systemic blood pressure is increased.REF: Pg. 3363.An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused bya.positioning the arm above the heart level.b.using a cuff that is too small.c.positioning the arm at heart level.d.measuring blood pressure after exercise.ANS: AAn erroneous blood pressure result could occur with the arm above the level of the heart. It is important to measure blood pressure with the appropriate size cuff. The arm should be positioned at the level of the heart for a more accurate reading. Measuring pressure after exercise yields a higher measurement. REF: Pgs. 334-3354.Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block thea.release of rennin.b.conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.c.conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.d.effect of aldosterone on the kidney.ANS: BAngiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II while it is circulating through the pulmonary vessels, by the angiotensin converting enzyme. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II. Renin plays a role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. ACE inhibitors do not block the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin or the effect of aldosterone on the kidney.REF: Pg. 3375.Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100?a.Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118b.Sitting BP 108/68, HR 102c.Sitting BP 110/78, HR 98d.Sitting BP 120/80, HR 100ANS: AThe definition of orthostatic hypotension is a decrease in systolic blood pressure greater than 20 mm Hg or a decrease in systolic pressure that is greater than 10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of moving to an upright position. The measurements of BP 108/68, HR 102 and BP 110/78, HR 98 are not indicative of orthostatic hypotension. An increase in blood pressure does not occur with orthostatic hypotension.REF: Pg. 3456.A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient’s blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?a.Begin lifestyle modifications.b.Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.c.Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.d.Encourage smoking cessation.ANS: BThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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