Summary
Summary English Grammar and Proficiency -
- Course
- Institution
- Book
The theory given in class. English and proficiency.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
English and Proficiency - Begrippenlijst 2020-2021
Seller
Follow
weileining
Reviews received
Content preview
2020-2021English:
Grammar and Proficiency
A. Gagiano
Introduction
Grammar can be defined as a set of patterns for how words are put together.
A dialect of a given language may become the standard variety of that language mostly due to
coincidental factors, and often due to being spoken by the people in power.
The spoken version of a language has its own grammar and regularities, which have evolved to serve
the needs of the speakers who use it.
Descriptivism versus prescriptivism
DE- PRE-
do not give advice are judgmental and attempt to change
they explain the ways in which native linguistic behavior
speakers use their language
differs in each century
= survey of a language
Parts of speech/Word classes
Lexical: provide content = form class words
Functional: provide structure; explain the grammatical relationship = structure-class words
Open: new words can be added
Closed: new words cannot be added
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions, Articles (watch out !), Pronouns, Linking words/phrases
, 2020-2021
There is no single way of analyzing words into classes. Items may belong to more than one class.
Unit 2: Parts of a sentence
Subject + verb (+object)
Clauses
1. Main clause
May only consist of a main clause
Subject and verb
Makes sense on its own
2. Co-ordinated clauses
Two main clauses
Each making sense on their own
Linked by conjunction, such as and, but or so.
= compound sentence
3. Dependent clauses
May consist of a main clause and one or more dependent clauses
Participle clause – Relative clause
Founded in 1922 – which was founded in 1922
= do not make sense on their own
Unit 4: Correct tense formation
Past Simple Present Perfect
If you are referring to a time in the past and When the time mentioned includes the
talking about something that was past and the present
completed at that time Have/has asked
Asked
Past Continuous Present Perfect Continuous
Describes an action or situation continuing Is used for something continuing for a
at a particular point in the past period of time starting in the past and still
Were dealing happening now
Have/has been dealing
Past Perfect Past perfect continuous
Refers to something that happened before Used for something that continued for a
or until a particular time in the past period of time before a particular point in
Had risen the past
Had been rising
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller weileining. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.71. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79271 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now