100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Samenvatting Samenvattting stof en hoorcolleges minor fiscaal ondernemingsrecht $10.18   Add to cart

Summary

Samenvatting Samenvattting stof en hoorcolleges minor fiscaal ondernemingsrecht

 170 views  12 purchases
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

Complete samenvatting en uitwerkingen van de hoorcolleges per onderwerp en per week van de behandelde stof. Tentamen behaalt met een 7!

Last document update: 3 year ago

Preview 6 out of 49  pages

  • Yes
  • January 20, 2021
  • January 21, 2021
  • 49
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
avatar-seller
FISCAAL
ONDERNEMINGSRECHT
Schooljaar 2020-2021




SAMENVATTING STOF EN HOORCOLLEGES MINOR

,Inhoudsopgave
Week 1............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Algemene introductie................................................................................................................................................................5
Fiscale veld (belangrijkste partijen):....................................................................................................................................5
Belastingen:..........................................................................................................................................................................5
Functies belastingenheffing:...........................................................................................................................................5
Aan de belastingheffing liggen de volgende vier voornaamste beginselen ten grondslag:...........................................5
Soorten belastingen:.......................................................................................................................................................6
Belastingwetten:..............................................................................................................................................................6
Formeel belastingrecht:.......................................................................................................................................................7
Machtsmiddelen belastingdienst:........................................................................................................................................8
Rechtsbescherming:.............................................................................................................................................................8
Belastingen en particulieren.....................................................................................................................................................8
Inkomstenbelasting (vogelvlucht):.......................................................................................................................................8
Bron van inkomen: (Bronnenstelsel)...............................................................................................................................8
Bronnentheorie...............................................................................................................................................................8
Belastbaar inkomen: (Boxenstelsel)................................................................................................................................9
Samengevat:..................................................................................................................................................................10
Loonbelasting (vogelvlucht):..............................................................................................................................................11
Belastingen en ondernemingen..............................................................................................................................................12
Ondernemers en winst.......................................................................................................................................................12
Wet IB 2001:..................................................................................................................................................................12
Wet VPB 1969:...............................................................................................................................................................12
Wet OB 1968:................................................................................................................................................................12
Wet dividendbelasting 1965:........................................................................................................................................13

Week 2........................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Onderneming..........................................................................................................................................................................13
Ondernemersbegrip (subjectief)........................................................................................................................................14
Begrip ondernemer; artikel 3.4 Wet IB 2001................................................................................................................14
Uitbreidingen.................................................................................................................................................................14
Winstbegrip.............................................................................................................................................................................14
Totaalwinst; artikel 3.8 Wet IB 2001..................................................................................................................................14
Etiketteringsmogelijkheden..........................................................................................................................................15
Geldstromen..................................................................................................................................................................15
Aftrekbeperkingen.........................................................................................................................................................15
Toetsing door inspecteur..............................................................................................................................................15
Winst berekenen...........................................................................................................................................................16
Jaarwinst; Wanner is de winst belast?...............................................................................................................................16
Goed koopmansgebruik (g.k.g.)....................................................................................................................................16
Hoofdregels ten aanzien van winst- en verliesneming.................................................................................................16
Afschrijvingen bedrijfsmiddelen..............................................................................................................................................17
Vennootschapsbelasting.........................................................................................................................................................17
Belastingplicht....................................................................................................................................................................17
Buitenlandse entiteit?...................................................................................................................................................18
Binnenlands belastingplichtig; artikel 2 Wet VPB 1969................................................................................................18
Buitenlands belastingplichtige; Artikel 3 Wet VPB 1969..............................................................................................18
Vestigingsplaats.............................................................................................................................................................18
Binnenlands belastingplichtigen...................................................................................................................................18
Subjectieve vrijstellingen...............................................................................................................................................18
Belastbaar bedrag.........................................................................................................................................................19


1

,Week 3........................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Resultaat overige werkzaamheden (ROW).............................................................................................................................19
Van resultaat naar winst.........................................................................................................................................................20
Aanvang winst uit onderneming.............................................................................................................................................20
Bijzondere regels WUO:..........................................................................................................................................................20
Inbreng in BV...........................................................................................................................................................................22
Aanmerkelijk belang...............................................................................................................................................................23
Hoedanigheden ‘DGA’.............................................................................................................................................................24

Week 4........................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Systeem inkomstenbelasting..................................................................................................................................................24
Boxensysteem....................................................................................................................................................................24
Box 1: inkomen uit werk en woning..............................................................................................................................24
Beleggen versus ROW-ondernemen..................................................................................................................................24
Box 2: inkomen uit aanmerkelijk belang.......................................................................................................................25
Vervreemdingswinsten.............................................................................................................................................25
Casus.........................................................................................................................................................................25
Box 3: inkomen uit sparen en beleggen........................................................................................................................25
Casus.........................................................................................................................................................................25
Boxensysteem: dga en zijn BV...........................................................................................................................................26
Rechtsvormen.........................................................................................................................................................................26
Motieven............................................................................................................................................................................26
Eenmanszaak......................................................................................................................................................................26
Lichamen............................................................................................................................................................................26
BV..................................................................................................................................................................................27
Casus.........................................................................................................................................................................27
Tarieven Vpb + AB..............................................................................................................................................................27
Aandelen.................................................................................................................................................................................27
Wanneer van toepassing?..................................................................................................................................................28
Voorbeeld 1:..................................................................................................................................................................28
Voorbeeld 2:..................................................................................................................................................................28
BV en IB vergeleken...........................................................................................................................................................28
Verschillende petten van de DGA............................................................................................................................................28
Gevaar DGA:.......................................................................................................................................................................28
Arm's length beginsel:........................................................................................................................................................28
Voorbeelden:.................................................................................................................................................................28
Onzakelijke bevoordeling DGA...........................................................................................................................................29
Voorbeeld:.....................................................................................................................................................................29
Voorbeeld:.....................................................................................................................................................................29
Bedrijfsopvolging BV-sfeer......................................................................................................................................................29
Aansprakelijkheid....................................................................................................................................................................29
Relativering aansprakelijkheid...........................................................................................................................................30
Bedrijfsopvolgingsregeling (BOR) SW.....................................................................................................................................30
BOR.....................................................................................................................................................................................30
TBS-regeling............................................................................................................................................................................30
Voorbeeld:..........................................................................................................................................................................30
Fiscale eenheid........................................................................................................................................................................31
Voorwaarde aangaan fiscale eenheid................................................................................................................................31
Bedrijfsfusiefaciliteit...............................................................................................................................................................31
Deelnemingsvrijstelling...........................................................................................................................................................31

2

,Week 5........................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Introductie...............................................................................................................................................................................32
Belastingplichtigen.............................................................................................................................................................32
Onderneming.....................................................................................................................................................................32
Winst en verlies berekening...............................................................................................................................................32
Klassiek stelsel....................................................................................................................................................................32
Deelnemingsvrijstelling...........................................................................................................................................................33
Uitzonderingen:..................................................................................................................................................................33
Vrijstelling of verrekening?................................................................................................................................................33
Beleggingsdeelneming..................................................................................................................................................33
(Kwalificerende) beleggingsdeelneming?................................................................................................................34
Deelnemingsverrekening..............................................................................................................................................34
Fiscale eenheid........................................................................................................................................................................34
Gevolgen fiscale eenheid...................................................................................................................................................35
Voorbeeld......................................................................................................................................................................35
Grensoverschrijding?.........................................................................................................................................................35
Financiering.............................................................................................................................................................................35
Mogelijkheden:..................................................................................................................................................................35
Overwegingen:...................................................................................................................................................................36
Verschil eigen vermogen en vreemd vermogen:...............................................................................................................36
Aftrekbaarheid rente..........................................................................................................................................................36
Kwalificatie geldlening...................................................................................................................................................36
Fiscale herkwalificatie..............................................................................................................................................36
Zakelijke leningsvoorwaarden.......................................................................................................................................37
Aftrekbare rente.................................................................................................................................................................37

Week 6........................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Introductie...............................................................................................................................................................................37
Juridische splitsing..................................................................................................................................................................38
Met ruis..............................................................................................................................................................................38
Geruisloos...........................................................................................................................................................................39
Juridische fusie........................................................................................................................................................................39
Met ruis..............................................................................................................................................................................40
Geruisloos...........................................................................................................................................................................40
Aandelenfusie tegen contanten..............................................................................................................................................41
Aandelenfusie tegen aandelen...............................................................................................................................................41
Gevolgen aandelenfusie.....................................................................................................................................................41
Geruisloos...........................................................................................................................................................................42
Bedrijfsfusie tegen aandelen...................................................................................................................................................42
Bedrijfsfusie tegen contanten.................................................................................................................................................42

Week 7........................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Introductie...............................................................................................................................................................................42
Klassiek stelsel....................................................................................................................................................................42
Gevolgen deelnemingsvrijstelling......................................................................................................................................43
Voorbeeld:.....................................................................................................................................................................43
Gevolgen fiscale eenheid...................................................................................................................................................43
Dubbele heffing.......................................................................................................................................................................43
Heffingsbeginselen.............................................................................................................................................................43
Woon- en vestigingsplaats.................................................................................................................................................44
Conflicten...........................................................................................................................................................................44
Voorkomen dubbele heffing..............................................................................................................................................44
Methoden ter voorkoming van dubbele belasting............................................................................................................44

3

,Week 8........................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Inleiding...................................................................................................................................................................................45
Wie: btw-ondernemer.............................................................................................................................................................45
Eenieder:............................................................................................................................................................................45
Fiscale eenheid...................................................................................................................................................................46
Overheid verricht...............................................................................................................................................................46
Wat: levering of dienst............................................................................................................................................................46
Waar: plaats van levering of dienst........................................................................................................................................46
Waarover: maatstaf van heffing.............................................................................................................................................47
Het totale bedrag:..............................................................................................................................................................47
De totale waarde:...............................................................................................................................................................47
Ter zake van de prestatie:..................................................................................................................................................47
In rekening wordt gebracht:..............................................................................................................................................47
Hoeveel: btw-tarief.................................................................................................................................................................47
Te betalen/teruggaaf: aftrek..................................................................................................................................................48




4

, Week 1
Algemene introductie
Fiscale veld (belangrijkste partijen):
Wetgever (hier begint het bij!)
- Wetsvoorstellen Staatssecretaris van Financiën
- Tweede kamer en Eerste Kamer keuren (evt. gewijzigd) voorstel goed of af

Uitvoeringsinstantie: Belastingdienst, gemeente, provinciaal
Belastingdienst:
- Inspecteur belastingheffing  op papier
- Ontvanger belastinginning  daadwerkelijk

Als je ergens niet mee eens bent: (rechtsgang is anders dan van algemene bestuursrecht!)
Rechter:
- Rechtbank
- Gerechtshof
- Hoge Raad

Belastingplichtige:
- Evt. met belastingadviseur

Belastingen:
Belasting = een verplichte geldelijke bijdrage aan de overheid waartegenover geen bepaalde tegenprestatie
wordt geleverd  collectieve voorzieningen; dijken, defensie etc.
Belasting = Belastingen in juridische zin zijn alle betalingen die de overheid op grond van een publiekrechtelijke
regeling, uitsluitend of mede ter verwerving van inkomsten door de in die regeling aangewezen lichamen, en
anders dan op grond van een privaatrechtelijke overeenkomst, dwangmatig en overeenkomstig algemene
regelen vordert.

Inkomsten- en vennootschapsbelastingen = gedwongen bijdragen van particuliere huishouding aan de
overheid, waar geen rechtstreekse individuele contrapresentatie van de overheid tegenover staat, en die
krachtens algemene regels worden gevorderd.
a. Deze omschrijving sluit andere overheidsheffingen uit, zoals retributies en bijdragen (ook premies
volksverzekeringen vallen niet onder belastingbegrip)

Functies belastingenheffing:
1. Budgettaire functie; belastingen zorgen voor middelen voor de overheid waarmee ze haar uitgaven kunnen
dekken.
2. Instrumentele functie; dienstbaar maken van de belastingheffing aan sociaal of economisch-politieke
doeleinden. Denk hierbij aan redelijke inkomensverdeling, economische groei, volledige werkgelegenheid,
evenwicht op de belastingbalans, stabiel prijspeil en bescherming milieu.
a. Kunnen niet onbeperkt instrumentele maatregelen worden genomen vanwege het gelijkheidsbeginsel
en draagkrachtbeginsel. Ten slotte is het ook moeilijk te controleren wat de doelmatigheid en
effectiviteit van de maatregelen zijn.
3. Steunfunctie; betekenis die de ene belasting heeft voor de andere.

Aan de belastingheffing liggen de volgende vier voornaamste beginselen ten
grondslag:
Beginsel Inhoud
1 Legaliteitsbeginsel Rijksbelastingen worden geheven krachtens de wet (artikel 104 Gw)
2 Fiscale soevereiniteit Heffingsbevoegdheid van staten
3 Profijtbeginsel Wie profiteert van een voorziening, draagt naar evenredigheid bij
4 Draagkrachtbeginsel Bijdrage baseren op draagkracht, mogelijkheid om belasting te betalen
5

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller julia3499. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $10.18. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$10.18  12x  sold
  • (0)
  Add to cart