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Samenvatting Cultuur en Landschap Vroege Middeleeuwen

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In dit document heb ik het vak Cultuur en Landschap in de Vroege Middeleeuwen samengevat. Let op! Ik heb hier NIET de materiaalkennis info meegenomen. Dit is dus enkel het deel over periodekennis en cultuurlandschappen. Het is misschien ook een beetje rommelig, vandaar dat het, ondanks dat het ...

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  • January 20, 2021
  • 101
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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By: musakasgoz • 3 year ago

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By: dschelfhout397 • 3 year ago

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PERIODEKENNIS SAMENVATTIG
INHOUDSOPGAVE

Les 1 ................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Les 2 ................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Samenleving: ....................................................................................................................................................... 6

Koninkrijken:........................................................................................................................................................ 7

Verstedelijking ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

Commercie en ambachten ................................................................................................................................ 11

Les 3 ............................................................................................................................................................... 13

Merovingische periode ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Germanen: .................................................................................................................................................... 14
Franken: ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
Religie en Merovingers.................................................................................................................................. 15
Pippiniden, maior domus .............................................................................................................................. 16

Les 4 ............................................................................................................................................................... 18

Merovingische Vindplaatsen ............................................................................................................................. 18
Structuren in nederzettingen: ....................................................................................................................... 18
Grafvelden ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
Nederzetting Vasse ....................................................................................................................................... 23

Les 5 ............................................................................................................................................................... 25

Karolingische periode achtergrond ................................................................................................................... 25

Les 6 ............................................................................................................................................................... 36

Karolingische Vindplaatsen ............................................................................................................................... 37

Les 7 ............................................................................................................................................................... 48

Ottoonse periode achergrond ........................................................................................................................... 48
Religie ............................................................................................................................................................ 52
Grens VME en LME 12e en 13e eeuw............................................................................................................. 53
Vestigingsfactoren......................................................................................................................................... 55
Landbouw...................................................................................................................................................... 55

Les 8 ............................................................................................................................................................... 56

Ottoonse vindplaatsen ...................................................................................................................................... 56
1. Structuren West-Nederland ...................................................................................................................... 56
Midden-Nederland → ................................................................................................................................... 58

, Zuid-Nederland ............................................................................................................................................. 59
Midlaren de Nederzetting ............................................................................................................................. 60
3. Tiel Nederzetting ....................................................................................................................................... 63
4. Deventer Nederzetting .............................................................................................................................. 63

Overzicht graven ............................................................................................................................................ 67

Merovingische graven ....................................................................................................................................... 67

Karolingische graven ......................................................................................................................................... 67

Ottoonse graven................................................................................................................................................ 67

Sieraden overzicht.......................................................................................................................................... 68

Merovingische sieraden .................................................................................................................................... 68

Karolingische graven ......................................................................................................................................... 69

Ottoonse sieraden ............................................................................................................................................. 69

Potten overzicht ............................................................................................................................................. 70

Merovingische potten ....................................................................................................................................... 70

Merovingisch ..................................................................................................................................................... 70

Ottoons.............................................................................................................................................................. 71

Munten overzicht .............................................................................................................................................. 71

Les 2 Merovingisch ......................................................................................................................................... 73

Achtergrond ...................................................................................................................................................... 73

Vondsten uit het landschap ............................................................................................................................... 73

Vondsten uit nederzettingen ............................................................................................................................. 75

Vondsten uit graven .......................................................................................................................................... 76

Les 3 ............................................................................................................................................................... 79

Karolingische periode 725 – 900 ....................................................................................................................... 79

Vondsten uit het landschap ............................................................................................................................... 80

Vondsten uit Nederzettingen ............................................................................................................................ 82

Vondsten uit graven .......................................................................................................................................... 87

1. Cultuurlandschappen ................................................................................................................................. 90

Kaart met geografische landschappen.............................................................................................................. 91

Algemene opmerkingen VME ......................................................................................................................... 91

2. zandlandschappen...................................................................................................................................... 92

Landbouw LRT -> VME....................................................................................................................................... 92

Hofstelsel ........................................................................................................................................................... 92

,3. Kleilandschappen ....................................................................................................................................... 93

Verhuizing ......................................................................................................................................................... 94

Verhuizing waddengebied ................................................................................................................................. 94

Terpen ............................................................................................................................................................... 95

4. Rivierengebied ........................................................................................................................................... 96

Nederzettingen .................................................................................................................................................. 97

4. Veen ........................................................................................................................................................... 97

Bewoning......................................................................................................................................................... 100

5. Cultuurlandschap Zuid Limburg (Mergellandschap) .................................................................................. 100

Bodem ............................................................................................................................................................. 100

Bewoning......................................................................................................................................................... 101

, LES 1

Kenmerken van Middeleeuwen:
Binnen Noord-West Europa worden de volgende zaken als een gegeven beschouwd:
• De wereld was klein
• Doordrenkt van Christendom
• Beleving Christendom groeit
• De ‘Kerk’ is een schijnbare constante
• Moderne indeling Europa is niet te herkennen
• Openbaar bestuur is nauwelijks aanwezig en op andere basis gestoeld
• ‘Europa was een achterblijver’

De term middeleeuwen al in LME gebruikt en is de tussenperiode tussen het geboren van Jezus en
het opkomen van de Messias.

De Romeinse tijd is altijd een ideaalbeeld gebleven voor veel westerse machthebber.

Specifiek trokken deze elementen de aandacht:
• staatsindeling
• architectuur
• taal
• wetenschap
• literatuur

De keizers zelf spraken hen echter het meeste aan → soevereine macht over een gebied met daarin
vele verschillende volkeren.

Einde Romeinse tijd:
• volgens ABR = 450 na Chr.

Rondom 450 na Chr. echter verschillende gebeurtenissen:
• Rijngrens definitief bezweken (406 na Chr.)
• Plundering Rome door Visigoten (410 na Chr.)
• Keulen bezet door Franken (455 na Chr.
• Val van Ravenna (toenamige hoofdstad 476 na Chr.)

Soms wordt naar een gebeurtenis veel eerder gekeken:
• Leegloop nederzettingen (ca. 270 na Chr.)
• Opsplitsen van het Romeinse rijk (395 na Chr.)

Oorzaken omvallen Romeinse rijk:
• volgens velen begint dit al met de decentralisatie van het bestuur onder Keizer
Diocletianus aan het einde van de 3e eeuw na Chr.


Kenmerken van sociale verhoudingen na val Rom rijk.
• Overwegend agrarische samenleving
Met een sterke sector van grote domeinen met een hoge mate van zelfbestuur.
• Fragmentatie van de macht met directe overheersing van de grondbezitters (decentralisatie)
• vrije boeren staan onder druk van inlijving door grote domeinen.
Deze grote domeinen maken gebruik van onvrije arbeid
• Steden zijn reducerend tot dienstencentra
Het handelsverkeer is zeer beperkt, vooral op luxegoederen gericht.
• Producten van arbeid maken nog maar een klein deel van de handelseconomie uit
In het marktstelsel is de muntloop gering
Andere economische drukmiddelen bijv. geweld worden ingezet om het surplus or de
grootgrondbezitters af te romen

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