Voor de Kennistoets in blok 1 Gezondheid (2020) heb ik aan de hand van notities, lesvoorbereidingen en het prachtige boek "Anatomie & Fysiologie" van Ross & Wilson een samenvatting gemaakt die aansluit op de toetsmatrijs.
, Inhoudsopgave
Casus 1 – Sophie..........................................................................................6
Inleiding tot het menselijk lichaam...........................................................6
Niveaus van structurele complexiteit....................................................6
Inwendig milieu en homeostase............................................................6
Vitale behoeften van het lichaam..........................................................6
Inleiding tot ziekteleer...........................................................................8
Inleiding tot de chemie van het leven.......................................................8
Verplaatsing van stoffen door lichaamsvloeistoffen..............................8
Lichaamsvloeistoffen.............................................................................8
Cellen, weefsels en structuur van het lichaam.........................................8
De cel: structuur en functies..................................................................8
Weefsels..............................................................................................10
De organisatie van het lichaam...........................................................12
Casus 2 – Familie Versteeg........................................................................14
Weerstand en immuniteit.......................................................................14
Afweermechanismen...........................................................................14
2 AFPF – Blok 1 Gezondheid
Niet-specifieke afweercellen van het lichaam.....................................14
Specifieke afweer: T- en B-lymfocyten................................................15
Immuniteit...........................................................................................16
Algemene farmacologie..........................................................................17
Toedieningswegen van geneesmiddelen.............................................17
Farmacokinetiek: Wat doet je lichaam met een geneesmiddel?.........18
Belangrijke begrippen..........................................................................19
Casus 3 – Marieke......................................................................................20
Het ademhalingsstelsel...........................................................................20
Organen van het ademhalingsstelsel..................................................20
Functies trachea..................................................................................21
Drie elementen van effectieve ademhaling.........................................21
Probleem dat effectieve ademhaling in de weg staan (per element). .22
Inspiratie en expiratie..........................................................................22
Problemen ventilatie............................................................................23
Diverse niveaus van de luchtweg........................................................23
Belangrijke begrippen..........................................................................24
2
, Pneumonie..............................................................................................24
Soorten pneumonie:............................................................................24
Risicogroepen......................................................................................24
Casus 4 – Muriel.........................................................................................25
De voortplantingsorganen......................................................................25
Vrouwelijke voortplantingsorganen.....................................................25
Menstruatiecyclus................................................................................26
Menopauze (climacterium)..................................................................26
Geslachtshormonen vrouw..................................................................27
Ovariële cyclus....................................................................................27
Voortplantingsorgaan man..................................................................28
Normale zwangerschap en bevalling......................................................28
Mitose en meiose.................................................................................29
Zwangerschap.....................................................................................30
Casus 5 – Arjan...........................................................................................34
Inleiding tot de genetica.........................................................................34
Transcriptie- en translatiemechanisme...............................................35
DNA-replicatie......................................................................................35
3 AFPF – Blok 1 Gezondheid
Genetische variatie, autosomale erfelijkheid en geslachtsgebonden
eigenschappen.....................................................................................35
Belangrijke begrippen..........................................................................36
Tumoren..................................................................................................36
Verspreiding van tumoren...................................................................36
Goedaardige tumoren..........................................................................37
Goedaardige vs. kwaadaardige tumoren.............................................37
Belangrijke begrippen..........................................................................37
De huid...................................................................................................38
Wondgenezing.....................................................................................38
Indeling van wonden............................................................................39
Littekens..............................................................................................39
Huidkanker..............................................................................................40
Verschillende vormen huidkanker.......................................................40
Doodsoorzaken ten gevolge van kanker..............................................40
Casus 6 – Mw. Bouwmans..........................................................................41
Urinewegstelsel (urineblaas, urethra, mictie).........................................41
3
, Opbouw................................................................................................41
Mictie...................................................................................................41
Infectie van de urinewegen en incontinentie voor urine.........................42
Ontstekingen.......................................................................................42
Symptomen van cystitis......................................................................42
Incontinentie........................................................................................43
Infecties en antimicrobiële middelen......................................................43
Opportunistische pathogenen en commensalen.................................43
Antibiotica............................................................................................44
Andere antimicrobiële middelen..........................................................45
Casus 7 – Dhr. van der Boom.....................................................................46
Abnormale immuunfunctie......................................................................46
Afwijkend immuunsysteem..................................................................46
Allergieën (overgevoeligheidsreacties)................................................46
Auto-immuunziekten (type II-III-IV)......................................................47
Reumatoïde artritis en artrose................................................................47
Artrose.................................................................................................47
Reumatoïde artritis..............................................................................48
4 AFPF – Blok 1 Gezondheid
Artrose vs. reumatoïde artritis.............................................................51
4
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