Voor de kennistoets uit blok 2 Samenleving (2021) heb ik alle kernbegrippen uit de toetsmatrijs uitgewerkt met behulp van aantekeningen, lesvoorbereidingen en het prachtige boek "Anatomie & Fysiologie" van Ross & Wilson.
, Inhoudsopgave
Casus 1 – Gezin Peek...................................................................................8
Arteriën.....................................................................................................8
Capillairen en sinosoïden..........................................................................8
Venen en venulen...................................................................................11
Regulering van bloedvatendiameter.......................................................11
De diameter van bloedvaten en de bloedstroming..............................11
Lokale regulatie van bloedstroom.......................................................11
Capillaire uitwisseling.............................................................................13
Dynamiek van capillair vocht...............................................................13
Positie en structuur van het hart............................................................13
Organen rond het hart.........................................................................14
Pericard................................................................................................14
Myocard...............................................................................................14
Endocard..............................................................................................14
Binnenkant van het hart......................................................................14
Bloedstroom door het hart...................................................................15
2 Uitwerkingen leerdoelen OO-A – Blok 2 Samenleving
Bloedtoevoer naar het hart..................................................................15
Veneuze afvoer.......................................................................................15
Bovenste ledematen............................................................................15
Abdomen.............................................................................................15
Bekken en onderste ledematen...........................................................15
Portale circulatie.....................................................................................15
Placenta..................................................................................................16
Functies...............................................................................................16
Foetale bloedsomloop.............................................................................16
Foetale aanpassingen..........................................................................16
Veranderingen bij de geboorte............................................................16
Varices (spataderen)...............................................................................16
Oedeem..................................................................................................17
Oorzaken van oedeem.........................................................................17
Effussies en ascites.................................................................................17
Aangeboren afwijkingen.........................................................................17
VSD (Ventrikel Septum Defect)............................................................17
2
, ASD (Atrium Septum Defect)...............................................................18
Open ductus arteriosus (Botalli)..........................................................18
Coarctatio aortae.................................................................................18
Tetralogie van Fallot............................................................................19
Casus 2A – Meneer Vergeer.......................................................................20
Bloedstolling...........................................................................................20
Trombocyten (bloedplaatjes)...............................................................20
Hemostase...........................................................................................20
Trombocytopenie....................................................................................21
Verlaagde trombocytenproductie........................................................21
Verhoogde trombocyten afbraak.........................................................22
Trombose en embolie.............................................................................22
Trombose.............................................................................................22
Embolie................................................................................................23
Infarct en ischemie..............................................................................23
Veneuze trombose...............................................................................23
Prikkelgeleidingssysteem van het hart...................................................24
Sinu-atriale knoop (sinusknoop)..........................................................24
3 Uitwerkingen leerdoelen OO-A – Blok 2 Samenleving
Atrioventriculaire koop (AV-knoop)......................................................24
Zenuwtoevoer naar het hart...................................................................25
De hartcyclus..........................................................................................25
Hartgeluiden........................................................................................25
Elektrische veranderingen in het hart.....................................................26
Factoren van invloed op het hartminuutvolume..................................26
Hartfrequentie........................................................................................26
Polsfrequentie.........................................................................................27
Hartaandoeningen..................................................................................27
Hartritmestoornissen...........................................................................27
Asystolie..............................................................................................28
Fibrilleren.............................................................................................28
Ischemische hartaandoeningen..............................................................28
Angina pectoris....................................................................................29
Myocardinfarct.....................................................................................29
Hypertensie.........................................................................................29
Oorzaken van afwijkingen in het lichamelijk functioneren...................29
3
, Diagnose..............................................................................................30
Behandeling.........................................................................................31
Atheroom (atheromatose).......................................................................31
Pathologische veranderingen..............................................................31
Oorzaken van atheromatose................................................................32
Effecten van atheromatose..................................................................32
Compliccaties van atheromatose.........................................................32
Arteriosclerose........................................................................................32
Aneurysma’s...........................................................................................33
Geneesmiddelen die worden gebruikt om stolling te voorkomen...........33
Trombocytenaggregatieremmers........................................................33
Geneesmiddelen die ingrijpen in de stollingscascade.........................34
Orale anticoagulantia..........................................................................34
Fibrinolytische geneesmiddelen..........................................................34
Casus 2B – Rabia en Alaa...........................................................................34
Bloed.......................................................................................................34
Plasma.................................................................................................35
Erytrocyten (rode bloedcellen)............................................................36
4 Uitwerkingen leerdoelen OO-A – Blok 2 Samenleving
Leukocyten (witte bloedcellen)............................................................37
Bloedgroepen..........................................................................................39
ABO-bloedgroepensysteem.................................................................39
Resussysteem......................................................................................39
Leukocytenstoornissen...........................................................................40
Leukopenie..........................................................................................40
Leukocytose.........................................................................................40
Leukemie.............................................................................................40
Lymfesysteem.........................................................................................40
Functies lymfatisch systeem................................................................40
Lymfevaten..........................................................................................41
Lymfeklieren........................................................................................41
Lien (milt)............................................................................................42
Thymus (zwezerik)...............................................................................42
Amandelen...........................................................................................43
Pathologie lymfesysteem........................................................................43
Ziekteverspreiding...............................................................................43
4
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