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Samenvatting Inleiding tot het Recht
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Samenvatting Inleiding tot het Recht 1e jaar KMO-Management op Karel de Grote Hogeschool BOEK: Bouckaert, B., & Van Hoecke, M. (2019). Inleiding tot het recht. Acco.
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INLEIDING TOT HET RECHT,Inhoudsopgave
Deel 1 – Wat is recht? .............................................................................................................................. 5
1. Kenmerken en definitie van het recht ......................................................................................... 5
1.1 Kenmerken........................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Soorten rechtsregels ............................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Definitie ............................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Objectief recht vs subjectieve rechten ................................................................................ 5
1.5 Rechtssubject vs rechtsobject.............................................................................................. 5
1.6 Rechtsmisbruik..................................................................................................................... 5
2. Soorten subjectieve rechten ........................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Politieke rechten .................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Burgerlijke rechten .............................................................................................................. 6
3. Deelgebieden van het recht......................................................................................................... 6
3.1 Nationaal recht (enkel oorsprong in België) ........................................................................ 6
3.2 Grensoverschrijdend recht (internationaal)......................................................................... 8
4. Bronnen van het recht ................................................................................................................. 8
4.1 Internationale rechtsbronnen .............................................................................................. 8
4.2 Belgische wetgeving............................................................................................................. 9
4.3 Overige rechtsbronnen ........................................................................................................ 9
Deel 2 – Belgische staatsstructuur ......................................................................................................... 11
1. Kenmerken van de Belgische staat ............................................................................................ 11
1.1 Rechtsstaat ........................................................................................................................ 11
1.2 Democratie ........................................................................................................................ 11
1.3 Scheiding der machten ...................................................................................................... 11
1.4 Eenheidsstaat en Federalisering ........................................................................................ 11
1.5 Monarchie.......................................................................................................................... 11
2. Politieke instellingen in federaal België ..................................................................................... 12
2.1 Federale overheid .............................................................................................................. 12
2.2 Gemeenschappen en gewesten (3) ................................................................................... 13
2.3 Provincies (10) ................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Gemeenten (581)............................................................................................................... 14
3. Controlerende instellingen ........................................................................................................ 14
3.1 Raad van State ................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Grondwettelijk Hof ............................................................................................................ 15
Deel 3 – Internationaal recht ................................................................................................................. 16
1. Supranationale instellingen ....................................................................................................... 16
1.1 De internationale rechtsorde ............................................................................................. 16
2
, 1.2 De Verenigde Naties (UNO) ............................................................................................... 16
1.3 Raad van Europa ................................................................................................................ 16
1.4 EU als bijzondere internationale rechtsorde...................................................................... 17
2. Europese Unie............................................................................................................................ 17
2.1 Historisch (niet kennen) ..................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Werking.............................................................................................................................. 17
2.3 Politieke instellingen .......................................................................................................... 18
2.4 De Europese gerechtelijke instellingen .............................................................................. 19
Deel 4 – Justitie ...................................................................................................................................... 20
1. De kenmerken van justitie ......................................................................................................... 20
1.1 Justitie als bewaker van de rechtsstaat.............................................................................. 20
1.2 De actoren van justitie ....................................................................................................... 20
1.3 Organisatie van justitie ...................................................................................................... 21
2. De gewone hoven en rechtbanken ............................................................................................ 22
2.1 Vrederechter...................................................................................................................... 22
2.2 Politierechtbank ................................................................................................................. 23
2.3 Rechtbank van eerste aanleg ............................................................................................. 23
2.4 Ondernemingsrechtbank ................................................................................................... 24
2.5 Arbeidsrechtbank............................................................................................................... 24
2.6 Hof van Assisen .................................................................................................................. 24
2.7 Hof van Beroep .................................................................................................................. 24
2.8 Arbeidshof ......................................................................................................................... 25
2.9 Hof van Cassatie................................................................................................................. 25
3. Administratieve en tuchtrechtelijke rechtscolleges ................................................................... 25
4. De burgerlijke procedure ........................................................................................................... 25
4.1 Alternatieve geschillenbeslechting .................................................................................... 25
4.2 Verloop van een burgerlijk procedure ............................................................................... 26
4.3 Uitvoering van een vonnis ................................................................................................. 27
4.4 Beslissingen aanvechten via ‘rechtsmiddelen’ ................................................................... 27
4.5 Enkele bijzondere procedures ........................................................................................... 27
5. De strafprocedure ...................................................................................................................... 27
5.1 Rol van het openbaar ministerie ........................................................................................ 27
5.2 Onderzoek ......................................................................................................................... 27
5.3 Berechting.......................................................................................................................... 28
5.4 Strafuitvoering ................................................................................................................... 28
5.5 Samenloop van strafvordering en burgerlijke vordering ................................................... 28
Deel 5 – Burgerlijk recht ........................................................................................................................ 29
1. Rechtshandelingen .................................................................................................................... 29
3
, 1.1 Rechtshandeling vs rechtsfeit ............................................................................................ 29
1.2 Geldigheid van rechtshandelingen..................................................................................... 29
1.3 Nietigheid van rechtshandelingen ..................................................................................... 31
2. Personen .................................................................................................................................... 32
2.1 Natuurlijke personen ......................................................................................................... 32
2.2 Rechtspersonen ................................................................................................................. 34
3 Goederen en zekerheden .......................................................................................................... 35
3.1 Indeling van goederen ....................................................................................................... 35
3.2 Zelfstandige zakelijke rechten ............................................................................................ 36
3.3 Intellectuele rechten .......................................................................................................... 39
3.4 Zekerheden ........................................................................................................................ 40
4 Verbintenissen ........................................................................................................................... 45
4.1 Soorten verbintenissen ...................................................................................................... 46
4.2 Bronnen van verbintenissen – NIET KENNEN..................................................................... 49
4.3 Overeenkomsten ............................................................................................................... 49
4.4 Onrechtmatige daad .......................................................................................................... 52
4.5 Tenietgaan van verbintenissen .......................................................................................... 52
4.6 Bijzondere overeenkomsten .............................................................................................. 52
5 Familie en gezin ......................................................................................................................... 52
5.1 Inleiding – NIET KENNEN .................................................................................................... 52
5.2 Huwelijk – NIET KENNEN.................................................................................................... 52
5.3 Gezinsvermogen ................................................................................................................ 52
6 Erven .......................................................................................................................................... 52
7 Bewijs ......................................................................................................................................... 52
7.1 Bewijslast ........................................................................................................................... 52
7.2 Bewijsmiddelen .................................................................................................................. 53
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